What factor does NOT contribute to establishment of the hunchback gradient in the Drosophila embryo? O a. maternal source of hunchback mRNA O b.nanos O c. bicoid O d. caudal
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- Which of the following genes is transcribed in the Drosophila embryo? O a. bicoid O b. germ cell-less Oc. bindin d. even-skippedThe early Drosophila embryo is a syncytium. Why is this significant? O a. it allows the segment polarity proteins, Wingless and Hedgehog, to function as morphogens to establish the segmental boundaries O b. it allows the establishment of transcription factor gradients, which provide positional information O c. it eliminates the need for localized cytoplasmic determinants O d. all of the aboveWhat is the difference between a maternal-effect gene and a zygotic gene? Of the following genes that play a role in Drosophila development, which are maternal-effect genes and which are zygotic? Explain your answer. A. nanos B. Antp C. bicoid D. lab
- In an embryo from a homozygous Bicoid mutant female,which class(es) of gene expression is (are) abnormal?a. Gap genesb. Pair-rule genesc. Segment-polarity genesd. Hox genesThe anterior structure of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?* a. nanos proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene. b. caudal proteins promote the transcription of the bicoid gene. c. bicoid proteins promote transcription of the hunchback gene. d. hunchback proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene. The posterior structures of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?* a. caudal proteins block the transcription of the bicoid gene. b. bicoid proteins block transcription of the hunchback gene. c. nanos proteins promote the transcription of the caudal gene. d. hunchback proteins promote the transcription of the caudal gene.In flies developing from eggs laid by a nanos−mother, development of the abdomen is inhibited.Flies developing from eggs that have no maternallysupplied hunchback mRNA are normal. Flies developing from eggs laid by a nanos− mother that alsohave no maternally supplied hunchback mRNA arenormal. If too much Hunchback protein accumulatesin the posterior of the egg, abdominal developmentis prevented.a. What do these findings say about the function ofthe Nanos protein and of the hunchback maternallysupplied mRNA?b. What do these findings say about the efficiency ofbiological processes that are subject to evolution?
- In Drosophila, which is true of zygotic gene expression? O a. the first zygotic genes expressed are an interpretation of positional information specified by morphogen gradients O b. the first zygotic genes expressed encode germ cell determinants O c. the first zygotic genes expressed specify segmental boundaries O d. the first zygotic genes are expressed at the cellular blastoderm stage O e. all of the aboveIf a Drosophila larva is missing much of its posterior end it is likely due to a mutation che: A. maternal bicoid gene. B. zygotic bicoid gene. C. maternal nanos gene. D. zygotic nanos gene.Which of the following statement(s) is/are true with regard to positional information in Drosophila? A. Morphogens are a type of molecule that conveys positional information. B. Morphogenetic gradients are established only in the oocyte, prior to fertilization. C. Cell adhesion molecules also provide a way for a cell to obtain positional information.
- What would be the most likely effect of inhibiting the translation of hunchback mRNA throughout a Drosophila embryo?Describe two of the advantages of Drosophila as a model organism in genetics studies. nan anExplain what a morphogen is, and describe how it exerts its effects. What do you expect will happen when a morphogen is expressed in the wrong place in an embryo? List five examples of morphogens that function in Drosophila.