Which antiretroviral drug class does Zidovudine (AZT) belong to? a) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) b) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) c) Protease inhibitors d) Integrase inhibitors
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- 1. a)how is it possible for such drugs to selectively kill bacterial cells and not our own cells? b)Provide an example of post-translational regulation of protein activity and explain the advantage of regulating each protein/process at the post-translational level instead of the transcriptional level.An elderly woman took a prescription medicine to help her to sleep; however, she felt restless all night and did not sleep at all. The nurse recognizes that this woman has experienced which type of reaction or effect? a) Allergic reaction b )Idiosyncratic reaction c )Mutagenic effect d )Synergistic effectDescribe: a.) the mechanism of action of PF-07321332, the active compound found in the antiviral drug Paxlovid; b.) the viral target that it inhibits; and c.) the product formed. Use schemes where appropriate to support your answer. H H" H NH NH PF-07321332 F
- Draw the Western Blot that would result from undertaking the same experiment in the presence of: i) An estrogen receptor agonist ii) An estrogen receptor antagonist iii) An estrogen receptor agonist in the presence of an excess amount of antagonist iv) Estrogen in the presence of an excess amount of antagonist v) An estrogen receptor inverse agonist.Which of the following statement is false regarding the SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro? a) Mpro catalyze the translation of viral RNA into polyproteins b) Mpro is an ideal drug target because its structure is largely conserved across the SARS-CoV family c) N3 is an irreversible inhibitor that block the substrate binding site of Mpro d) Mpro forms a dimeric structure and each protomer is composed of three domainsWhich is the most appropriate example of a product formed by an indirect form of gene therapy? a )Stem cells b) Insulin c )Antigen substitution d )Platelet inhibitors
- 19. A 22-year-old man who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus has learned to test his blood for glucose and is compliant with all treatment instructions. When asked by his family how he is coping with his disease, he says, "I prefer not to think about it." This behavior is best described as which of the following? A) Denial F) Repression B) Identification G) Somatization C) Projection H) Splitting D) Rationalization 1) Sublimation E) Reaction formation J) SuppressionAntiretroviral drugs target various aspects of HIV replication and infection. Which of the following enzymes are targets of antiretroviral drugs? Select ALL that applya).reverse transcriptaseb)integrasec).ligased).proteasee).DNA polymeraseWhat is the most successful treatment during pregnancy to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to fetus? A) Pre-exposure prophylaxis B) Protease inhibitors C) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors D) Fusion inhibitors
- Moderna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.Usually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration. However, a particular bacterial mutation makes tryptophan all the time whether or not tryptophan is present. What could explain this phenotype? A) the terminator hairpin is unable to form B) the antiterminator hairpin is unable to form C) trpE is mutated D) trpD is mutated E) trpA is mutated3) What is the most successful treatment during pregnancy to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to fetus? A) Pre-exposure prophylaxis B) Protease inhibitors C) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors Chapter 19 Micro Biology D) Fusion inhibitors