Which of the following accounting policies is an example of costs versus benefits constraint being exercised in the disclosure of financial information? Inventory is valued at lower of cost or market. Property, plant and equipment
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Which of the following accounting policies is an example of costs versus benefits constraint being exercised in the disclosure of financial information?
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Inventory is valued at lower of cost or market. |
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Property, plant and equipment are appraised and revalued every three years. |
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Biological assets are stated at fair value unless the fair value cannot be measured reliably. |
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Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. |
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- The general rule in the accounting treatment of research and development costs is A. Capitalize all costs as assets when incurred and amortized when revenue is earned. B. Treat all costs as current expenses as incurred. C. Capitalize selectively, and predetermine the conditions that would require capitalization as well as those that would be written off as current expenses. D. Accumulate all costs in a special intangible asset account until a determination can be made as to the degree of future benefits.Place T or F in front of each of the following statements. 1. The straight-line method of depreciation is based on the assumption that depreciation expense can be regarded as a constant function of time. 2. Plant assets should be written down (below cost) when their market value has declined temporarily. 3. The accounting profession has developed specifically recommended procedures for recording appraisal increases with respect to plant assets. 4. An asset's cost minus its accumulated depreciation equals its book value. 5. The sum-of-the-years'-digits method of depreciation ignores salvage value in the computation of an asset's depreciable base. 6. When using the double-declining balance method of determining depreciation, a declining percentage is applied to a constant book value. 7. The book value of plant assets initially declines more rapidly under decreasing-charge methods than under the straight-line method. 8. Accounting depreciation is computed by…ts) Which principle has FASB used to determine the accounting method for recording research and development costs? (7) ہے O Systematic allocation over the life of the asset O Minimization of income tax payments O Associating the cause of the expense with its recognition O Immediate recognition of costs with no certain future benefit
- The following statements relate to the depreciation of property, plant and equipment. Which statement is incorrect? A. the change in the expected pattern of consumption of economic benefits of a depreciation asset should be accounted for as a change in accounting policy and the effect is included in retained earnings. b. The change in the expected pattern of consumption of economic benefits of a depreciable asset should be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate and the effect is included in the determination of income or loss in the period of change and future periods. c The sum of unit method results in a charge based on the expected use or output of the asset D The useful life of an Item of property, plant and equipment should be reviewed periodically and it expectations are significantly different from previous estimates the depreciation charge for the current and future periods should be adjustedDepreciation is considered as accounting policy and operational expense for the accounting period. The value to be included in the financial statement is calculated based on the decision of the Board. Under what circumstances will you consider the reducing balance method as the most appropriate method in calculating depreciation?One of the main differences between U.S. GAAP and IAS/IFRS is the measurement of property, plant & equipment subsequent to initial recognition. Read IAS 16 and answer the following questions. Provide a list of the references you have used to search this topic. 1) What are the accounting models accepted under IFRS for the measurement of property, plant & equipment subsequent to initial recognition? 2) How often should the company revalue its property, plant & equipment under the revaluation model? 3) How should the revaluation gains and losses be accounted for and reported in the financial statements? 4) How should any claim for compensation from third parties for impairment be accounted for? 5) How should the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant & equipment be accounted for?
- There are various types of accounting changes, each of which is required to be reported differently.Required:1. What type of accounting change is a change from the sum-of-the-years’-digits method of depreciation to thestraight-line method for previously recorded assets as a result of new information related to production patterns? Under what circumstances does this type of accounting change occur?2. What type of accounting change is a change in the expected service life of an asset arising because of moreexperience with the asset? Under what circumstances does this type of accounting change occur?Which of the following most accurately reflects the concept of depreciation as used in accounting? - The process of charging the decline in value of an economic resource to income in the period in which the benefit occurred. - A method of allocating asset cost to an expense account in a manner which closely matches the physical deterioration of the tangible asset involved. - The process of allocating the cost of tangible assets to expense in a systematic and rational manner to those periods expected to benefit from the use of the asset. - An accounting concept that allocates the portion of an asset used up during the year to the contra asset account for the purpose of properly recording the fair market value of tangible assets.Which of the following statements about capitalizing costs is correct? A. Capitalizing costs refers to the process of converting assets to expenses. B. Only the purchase price of the asset is capitalized. C. Capitalizing a cost means to record it as an asset. D. Capitalizing costs results in an immediate decrease in net income.
- Under IFRS, when an entity chooses the revaluation model as its accounting policy for measuring property, plant, and equipment, which of the following statements is correct?a. When an asset is revalued, the entire class of property, plant, and equipment (such as Land) to which that asset belongs must be revalued.b. When an asset is revalued, it is reported on the balance sheet at its current replacement cost.c. Revaluations of property, plant, and equipment must be made at least every three years.d. The revalued assets must be reported in a special section of the balance sheet separate from those assets measured using the cost model.Depreciation is the allocation of the cost of a plant asset over its useful life in a rational and systematic manner. The asset being depreciated remains at historical cost and the accumulated depreciation account serves as a contra account to lower the asset balance on the books. Question: Explain why this lowered value is, or is not, the market value of the asset in any given accounting period. Support your answer with examples explaining your choice.Presented below are a number of operational guidelines and practices that have developed over time. Instructions Select the assumption, principle, or constraint that most appropriately justifies these procedures and practices. (Do not use qualitative characteristics.) a. Fair value changes are not recognized in the accounting records. b. Financial information is presented so that investors will not be misled. c. Intangible assets are amortized over periods benefited. d. Agricultural companies use fair value for purposes of valuing crops. e. Each enterprise is kept as a unit distinct from its owner or owners. f. All significant post-balance-sheet events are disclosed. g. Revenue is recorded when the product is delivered. h. All important aspects of bond indentures are presented in financial statements. i. Rationale for accrual accounting. j. The use of consolidated statements is justified. k. Reporting must be done at defined time intervals. l. An…
