Which of the following decreases the evolutionary fitness in people with darker skin color? Assume there is no dietary supplementation. A_ Low folate in areas with high UV B_ Low folate in areas with low UV C_Low vitamin D in areas with high UV D_Low vitamin D in areas with low UV
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Which of the following decreases the evolutionary fitness in people with darker skin color? Assume there is no dietary supplementation.
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- Mutations caused by carcinogens such as solar radiation accumulate in skin cells over a person’s life time (lets as- sume an indivdual lives for 75 years). If t is years since birth and mutations occur at a constant rate μ then the fraction of mutant skin cells is given by: f(t) = 1 − e−μt B. At what age is the the fraction of mutant cells increasing the fastest? (ANSWER THE POLL 1 Poll 1. We want to find:A. the local maximum of f(t) B. the global maximum of f(t) C. an inflection point of f(t)600 90°N 60°N 500 30°N 0° 400 Insolation 300 (Wm²2) 200 100 J'F MA MJJA s'o'N`D Month The skin tone of a native population living at 60°N would most likely be dark to increase production of Vitamin D. dark to protect DNA and folate. light to increase production of vitamin D. light to protect DNA and folate. --March Equinox- - June Solstice- -September Equinox- || December Solstice-Look at the question here, ____ Suppose a study looking at the association between smoking and bladder cancer found an odds ratio = 2.4. What would be the best way to interpret this? (Select one answer.) Smokers are 140% times as likely to develop bladder cancer compared to non-smokers. People with bladder cancer are about 40% more likely to be smokers compared to people who don't have bladder cancer. Smokers have a 2.4 % more risk of bladder cancer compared to nonsmokers. Smokers have 2.4 times the risk of developing bladder cancer compared to non-smokers..?
- Human Skin Color: Evidence for Selection Name: Jayden Bodisto Make observations of the Figure below. Then complete the portion below. Erythemal UV index 80 0 09- KNMI/ESA -120 0 -120 2 4 -60 6 8 10 60 Clear-sky 24 September 2015 120 10 60 12 14 120 16 -60 18 Figure 1. Ultraviolet Radiation Index Across the World. The colors on this map of the world represent Ultraviolet (UV) Index values on a particular day in September 2015. The UV Index is a standardized scale of UV radiation intensity running from 0 (least intense) to 18 (most intense). The y-axis values are degrees of latitude, which range from the equator (0°) to the poles (90° north and -90° south). The x-axis values are degrees of longitude, which range from the prime meridian (0°) to the antimeridian (180° east and -180° west). (Source: European Space Agency, http://www.temis.nl/uvradiation/UVindex.html.) The Driving Question: What is the relationship between UV radiation and skin color? What do I see? List specific things you…Why people with dark skin have less chances to develop skin cancer than people with lighter skin? (do not include preferred behavior in each group)Which of these statements would be consistent with the changes we see in the frequency of the recessive allele? Natural selection has been favoring those individuals who are heterozygous alleles. Natural selection has been favoring those individuals who are homozygous for the hemoglobin S allele.
- Suppose Inverness was considering offering a special add-on to its standard Dental insurance. For an additional 1 dollar a month a family could be fully covered for professional teeth whitening, something that normally would cost five thousand dollars a treatment. The whitening procedure would erase any stains that build up over time as a result of drinking too much coffee. Would this benefit create an adverse selection and/or moral hazard problem? If so explain why, and how the benefit could be better designed to address these issues.heritability was published in 2009 in the International Journal of Obesity. This study uses data from the "FinnTwin16" study in which nearly all twins born in Finland from 1975-79 are being tracked for many phenotypes. The table below reports correlation coefficients (rmz and dmz) separately for male and female twin pairs at about 30 years of age for 3 traits: BMI, waist circumference, and level of physical activity (the study investigated the relationships between these traits). Calculate H² for each trait and sex using the strategy discussed in Video 4.4. Match the your values with the appropriate trait and sex. Number of pairs BMI Waist circumference Physical activity Female BMI 0.77 0.71 0.55 Female physical activity Male BMI Female waist circumference Male physical activity Male waist circumference Female MZ 414 0.79 0.54 0.55 [[|]] Male MZ 282 0.36 0.35 0.24 Female DZ 353 0.31 0.26 0.30 Male DZ 309Being heterozygous for Sickle Cell allows a person to be resistant to malaria but comes at the cost of long term health problems like cardiac arrest and stroke. Being homozygous for Sickle Cell results in reduced life span. Which of the following is the least likely reason this trait persists in the population? the trait is recessive the trait does not harm carriers the trait generally has the most impact on patients post reproductive maturity the benefit is greater than the cost
- Which individuals have the highest fitness among all others where there is no malaria? Group of answer choices All genotypes have equal fitness when there is no malaria Homozygous for S allele of hemoglobin gene Homozygous for A allele of hemoglobin gene Heterozygous for the A and S allele of the hemoglobin geneWhich of the following has been favored by natural selection for populations living near the equator to protect against high levels of UV radiation and to prevent degradation of folate? Group of answer choices evaporative cooling vasodilation lighter skin darker skin lactase persistenceDisruptive Trait The figure above shows disruptive selection. The trait distribution changes from the black line to the green (lighter) line. During disruptive selection as shown above The standard deviation of the trait distribution decreases The standard deviation of the trait distribution increases The mean value of the trait distribution is selected for The mean value of the trait distribution in the population becomes smaller The mean value of the trait distribution in the population becomes larger Frequency