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- Attenuated agents may induce immunity after a single dose may cause disease in immunocompromised (sick) individuals multiply in the body may revert or mutate to disease-causing strains all of the aboveSome Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) recognize nucleic acids, like RNA or DNA. Since our own cells contain human RNA and DNA, the activation of innate immune pathways by these PRRs must rely on additional criteria to discriminate self from nonself. Additional criteria include everything EXCEPT: The subcellular location of the RNA The presence of adenosine residues in viral RNA The methylation state of the DNA Unique structures found on viral RNA The subcellular location of the DNAHow do vaccines work in the body? How do they utilize adaptive immune response? Also, kindly give an example (i.e., COVID vaccines).
- Which of the following best describes superantigens? O Superantigens are a class of antibodies that act as antigens presented by MHCII of antigen- presenting cells to overstimulate almost 30% of the T cells of the immune system, which overexpress proinflammatory cytokines leading to immunopathology that can result in multiple organ failures. O Superantigens are a class of antigens that can overstimulate almost 30% of the T cells of the immune system, which overexpress proinflammatory cytokines leading to immunopathology that can result in multiple organ failures. O Superantigens are a class of antigens that can overstimulate the B cells to produce a large number of non-specific antibodies that attack cells in our body leading to immunopathology and multiple organ failure. O Superantigens are a class of antigens that can overstimulate almost 30% of the B cells of the immune system, which overexpress proinflammatory cytokines leading to immunopathology that can result in multiple organ…If the researchers carry out a PCR for this gene from the CD8+ T cells, what result would you expect?Explain.Superinfection immunity refers to: O the inability of a temperate phage to infect any bacterial lysogen O the inability of a temperate phage to undergo the lytic life cycle after existing as a prophage the inability of a lytic phage to infect any bacterial lysogen O a bacterial lysogen being unable to be infected by similar, closely related phages
- How could cyclosporine be used to treat autoimmune disease? be sure to explain you're reasoningAll of the following are not true about immune modulators, except: Infection control is an integral part of drug therapy. Most can be safely recommended in children. Interferons and interleukins have many drug-to-drug interactions. None of the aboveWhich of the following best describes an attenuated whole-agent vaccine? Uses antigenic fragments of a microbe to stimulate immunity Uses living but weakened microbes to stimulate immunity Uses killed microbes to stimulate immunity Combination of antigens to enhance immune response Inactivated toxin (toxoid) that induces immunity against microbial toxin
- What type of cell production is stimulated by the Pfizer and Moderna COVID vaccines (select all that apply)? | Mast cells B cells T cells | Stem cellsOne of the first human proteins cloned was interferon. Why would it be important to be able to produce interferon in a lab?Yescarta therapy involves the patient receiving modified T-cells from a member of their family. Is this statement correct or incorrect?
