Why is derivatization (i.e., transesterification) of triglycerides or lipids to fatty acid methyl esters needed for the GC/MS experiment?
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- What is the biological function of the Neurofibromin-1 (NF1) protein?CYP2E1 has a much higher Km for ethanol than ADH (11 mM versus 0.05 mM,respectively). When greater portions of ethanol are ingested (0.08% or 17 mM), which part of the statement would be true?Hemoglobin glycation (so named to distinguish it from glycosylation, which is the enzymatic transfer of glucose to a protein) is a non-enzymatic process that involves reaction of the N-terminal amino group of hemoglobin and glucose. The amount of glycated hemoglobin (GHB) is usually about 5% of total hemoglobin (and corresponds to a blood glucose concentration of 120 mg/100 mL). However, in people with untreated diabetes this value may be as high as 13%, which indicates an average blood level of about 300 mg/100 mL -dangerously high. One of the aims of insulin therapy is to maintain GHB values of about 7%. Draw a possible chemical scheme for the glycation of hemoglobin.
- The plasma profiles of codeine (COD) and metabolites for 2 individuals (labeled A and B) are shown below. The X-axis is time in hours after an oral dose of codeine. [M=morphine; C6G=COD-6-glucuronide; M3G = morphine-3-glucuronide; NM (ignore)]. Note the data is shown on a log scale on the Y-axis. (A) Which individual is the poor metabolizer? Explain how you know this from the profiles? (B) Is this a problem for cough suppression? Explain. -CH HO Codeine COD 10 000 1000 C6G COD 100 M3G M6G NM 10 M 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 Plasma concentration (nmol I-)Differentiate HbA1c from Fructosamine. Give 3 comparisonsThe brain is fueled almost exclusively by glucose. Using this fact, would it be a good idea to express glucose-1-phosphatase in muscle? What type of phenotype would be exhibited by a mouse expressing glucose-1-phosphatase in muscle?
- In McArdle's disease, a type of glycogen storage disease, there is a total deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. An individual with such disease is not able to exercise strenuously and experiences muscle cramps. Exercise leads to higher than normal levels of cellular ADP and Pi. Besides, lactic acid does not accumulate, as in the case of a normal individual. Explain the chemical imbalances shown in McArdle's discase.If a commercially available insulin preparation contains 1 ppm of proinsulin, how many micrograms of proinsulin would be contained in a 10-mL vial of insulin?Write schematically the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine. What compounds are necessary for this biochemical process? Biological significance of phospholipids.
- Refer to the figure below and answer the following questions: Legend: Blue – wild-type β-galactosidase; Red – mutant β-galactosidase _________ a. What is the optimum pH of wild type β-galactosidase? _________ b. What is the optimum temperature of mutant β-galactosidase? _________ c. Which enzyme has the greater activity at pH 7.2? _________ d. Which enzyme has the greater activity at a temperature of 42.5oC? _________ e. Which enzyme has greater activity if pH decreases from 7.5 to 6.4? _________ f. Which enzyme has greater activity if temperature increases from 40oC to 41 oC?What is the effects of Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?Can you please help me how to draw tripeptide ile-leu-arg and indicate the torsion angles phi and psi for leucine?
