7. Why might you observe different values for the normal range of a measurement on different days or atdifferent times (even for the same person)?8. What factors might determine the differences seen in heart rates? These are variables that might influenceour data.9. What steps could we take in our experimental design to control some of these variables?10. Suggest a possible hypothesis for differences in heart rates and describe briefly how we might test this.Apply your knowledge:11. The hormone calcitonin is released from the thyroid gland into increased levels of calcium ions inthe blood. If this hormone is part of a negative feedback loop, what effect would calcitonin have on bloodcalcium levels?4

Answered: Why might you observe different values…

Why might you observe different values for the normal range of a measurement on different days or at different times (even for the same person)?

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Chatterjee

Chapter9: Instrumentation In Blood Circulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RT

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1. Normal Resting Heart Rate is between: a. 40-80 beats per minute. b. 60-80 beats per minute. c. 70-100 beats per minute R) c. 70-100 beats per minutes 2. To determine your age-predicted Maximum Heart Rate, we use the formula 220- a. Age. b. Weight. c. Height. d. None of the above R-a. Age 3. To determine your Target Heart Rate Range, we use the formula, Maximum Heart Rate X's a. X.2-X.5. b. X.4. X.6. c. X.6-X.8 4. Explain the proper way to WARM UP before your workout (any kind). and give me 2 examples 5. List Three types of Aerobic Activities 6. Explain what your Core means 7. In order to get cardiovascular fit you should stay in your target range for how long? 8. How many days a week should you exercise to get cardiovascular fit? 9. How do you increase muscle mass? 0+ O F7 A 5 - F5 6 F6 & 7 F8 8 F9 F10 O F11 EEE F12 S Insert
9. Heart rate was measured during increasing levels of exercise and the following data set was produced. Heart Rate (bpm) 60 88 104 128 149 167 192 Exercise Intensity (watts) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 a. Please graph the relationship between exercise intensity and heart rate (make sure to select the most appropriate type of graph). b. Write a few sentences to describe the relationship. What happens to heart rate as the exercise intensity increases?
The electrocardiograph records the tracing at standard speed of 25 mm/second. This allows a person to deter- mine the heart rate and the duration of the intervals. Each small box on the ECG tracing measures 0.04s, and each large box measures 0.20s. Five large boxes together measure 1 second. Determining the duration of most intervals is simple by counting the small or large boxes and add the seconds together. To calculate the heart rate, count the number of large boxes, and divide 300 by this number. For example, if you count 4.2 boxes, 300/4.2=71 beats per minute. The normal values or the periods are given in Table 6-3 provided below. Period Normal Value Table 6-3 Normal Values for ECG Periods Heart rate 60-100 beats per minute R-R interval 0.60-1.0s P-R interval 0.12-0.20s Q-T interval 0.42-0.44s QRS complex duration Less than or equal to 0.12s
1. In ventricular fibrillation, there is no pattern visible in the EKG. What does this mean in terms of contraction? A. contraction will have no visible pattern either and the ventricles will be unable to eject much blood B. the pattern doesn't matter; contraction of the ventricles will not be affected as long as ventricular myocytes continue to depolarize and depolarize C. the ventricular myocytes will be unable to contract C. contraction will become constant and ventricles will be unable to fill with blood 2. Which structure follows depolarization of the SA Node and atria in the cardiac conduction system? A.ventricular myocytes B.AV Node C.left and right bundle branches D.AV bundle E Purkinje fibers 3. Hypertension increases afterload for the heart which in turn A. increases Stroke Volume B. decreases Stroke Volume C.increases Cardiac Output D.increases Venous Return
9. Patients with diastolic heart failure have abnormalities in LV relaxation and distensibility that can be characterized in PV loops, and by echocardiography. Which phase in the PV loop represents the time of isovolumetric relaxation of the LV that can be affected during diastolic failure? 120 LV Pressure 80 (mm Hg) 40 в 20 60 100 140 180 220 LV Volume (ml) A. A B. C. D. D
5. If your friend asked you to explain an activity that increases cardiac output to the maximum, which of the following would you most likely say? a. Cardiac output increases with physical activity, rising to a maximum that may be four to seven times greater than the resting output. b. Cardiac output increases when a person is taking a test, rising to a maximum that may be four to seven times greater than the resting output. c. Cardiac output increases with alcohol consumption, rising to a maximum that may be four to seven times greater than the resting output. d. Cardiac output increases when a person is sleeping and actively dreaming, rising to a maximum that may be four to seven times greater than the resting output.
List 4 observations and provide a rationale for the observations that you would make when assessing the peripheral IVT in a patient. (IVC assessments are only one observation)
1. is the rhythm regular or irregular 2. determine the heart rate 3. do you have p waves before every QRS 4. Measure the PR interval 5. Measure the QRS duration 6. Are there any early or extra beats 7. is there normal r wave progression in V1-V6? 8. Are the ST segments elevated or depressed? 9. Are there any abnormal Q waves? 10.. Are the T waves of normal size? 11. Are there any U waves? 12. Is there evidence of myocardial ischemia, injury, or infarction? 13. Name this EKG.
1. rhythm regular or irregular2. determine the heart rate3. do you have p waves before every QRS4. Measure the PR interval5. Measure the QRS duration6. Are there any early or extra beats7. is there normal r wave progression in V1-V6?8. Are the ST segments elevated or depressed?9. Are there any abnormal Q waves?10. Are the T waves of normal size?11. Are there any U waves?12. Is there evidence of myocardial ischemia, injury, or infarction?13. Name this EKG.
Table 2: Resting and Exercising Cardiac Cycle Length, EDV, and ESV Resting Values Exercising Values Cardiac cycle length (msec) EDV(mL) ESV(mL) Cardiac cycle length (msec) EDV(mL) ESV(mL) Subject 1 839 136 68 452 138 35 Subject 2 831 145 73 392 142 33 Subject 3 855 141 68 414 140 35 Averages 000 00 Equations (fx) Use these formulas for making your calculations. Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Averages Add the values from the three subjects; divide by three.
DARK DARK CHOCOLATE A CHOCOLATE B Average systolic reading (mmHg) 117 110 68% of area Calculated value of 95% of area "1" Standard.Dev. + 3.38 + 7.97 (mmHg) 99.7% of area -3 -2 -1 For normally distributed data: 68% of the individual data values are within + "1" standard deviation of the mean. 95% of the individual data values are within + "2" standard deviations of the mean 99% of the individual data values are within + "3" standard deviations of the mean The values listed in the table above are for + "1" standard deviation. Add and subtract these 0thb values to and from the sample mean to gain a better appreciation for the blood pressures of the 09to975 individuals in each study. 811 values from the table above to Chocolate A: 68% of individuals had a blood pressure reading of (117 – 3.38) (117 + 3.38) 95% of individuals had a blood pressure reading of *+2 standard deviations, or twice the reported value to (117- 6.76) (117 + 6.76) use the values for tChocolate B: 68% of individuals…
2. Which of the following statements accurately compares systole and diastole? a. During systole, the ventricles fill with blood, whereas during diastole, the ventricles pump blood into the vascular system. b. Systole is longer and takes up two-thirds of the cardiac cycle, whereas diastole is shorter and takes up the other third. c. Ventricular contraction and constriction are known as systole, whereas ventricular relaxation and expansion are known as diastole. d. Ventricular contraction and constriction are known as diastole, whereas ventricular relaxation and expansion are known as systole.