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Why were chloroplasts selected for the pigment extraction in the virtual lab?
The researcher in the virtual lab was using waste from a fish farm to provide nutrients for the algae. What was the algae going to be used for in order to reduce CO2 levels in the city?
What plant pigment is responsible for light reaction in photosynthesis?
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- Which of the following best describes the products of the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis?A) NADH and ATP are made in the stromaB) NADPH and ATP are made in the stromaC) NADH and ATP are made in the thylakoid lumenD) NADPH is made in the stroma and ATP is made in the thylakoid lumenE) NADPH and ATP are made in the thylakoid lumenIn the photosynthesis lab, a group of students found that in the blue light condition, there was a change in absorbance (ΔA620) of 0.324 in extracted spinach chloroplasts. The students later went on a hike and located a plant they had never seen before and were interested in how the photosynthesis rates would compare to their experiment with spinach chloroplasts. They extracted chloroplasts of the unknown green-leaved plant and exposed them to the same experimental conditions as before. The students calculated the ΔA620 to be 0.100. Which plant (spinach or unknown) has the highest rate of photosynthesis? Explain your answer using evidence, being sure to demonstrate your understanding of the dependent variable.Atrazine is one of the world’s most used herbicides. It functions by bonding to and disabling a protein in photosystem II. Plants treated with this herbicide die via starvation. Based on this information, what is also true about atrazine-treated plants? a) Only non-cyclic electron flow is possible. b) There is not enough ATP created to fuel the Calvin cycle. c) The plants can switch to C4 pathways. d) The chloroplast is disabled.
- Which of the following correctly sequences the steps of non-cyclic electron transport? a) Chlorophyll molecules absorb UV radiation exciting electrons which flow through photosystem I, returning to the chlorophyll molecules b) Electrons donated from water molecules pass through photosystem I then photosystem II before returning to the chlorophyll molecules, generating ATP in the process c) Water is oxidized by the capture of light energy; these excited electrons are passed through the dark reactions, returning to chlorophyll during the final light reactions d) The ATP and NADPH generated by the reactions of photosystem II and photosystem I are utilized by the Calvin Cycle to build high energy glucose moleculesPlants have evolved by developing mechanisms that promote entry of CO, into the Calvin Cycle (CC) to limit photorespiration when environmental conditions tend to favor the latter. This is because photorespiration 1) is energetically inefficient (consuming more ATP than the CC alone) and 2) it does not produce any sugars that can be "fed" into cellular respiration to produce lots more ATP. A) Under what environmental conditions does photorespiration "outcompete" that of the CC? Specifically, what mechanism is responsible for committing the cell to photorespiration and what type of plant does not have any "safeguards" to ensure that the CC is performed rather than photorespiration? B) Describe the mechanisms employed by two types of plants to minimize photorespiration and ensure that the CC is carried out even when environmental conditions are not in their favor. Be sure to identify 1) the type of plant, 2) its natural environment and how it affects the plant's ability to perform the CC,…Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
- If ribulose bisphosphate were removed from a chloroplast, which of the following statements would BEST describe the immediate result? b)ATP could not be produced in the thylakoid a) CO2 could not enter the Calvin cycle d) Light energy could not be trapped in the grana c) 02 could not enter the Calvin CycleWhat are the two places where light energy is required in the light reaction of photosynthesis? Why must energy be supplied at precisely these points?In chloroplasts, the light reactions power the creation of ATP via chemiosmosis. In relation to this process, which of the following is true? a) ATP synthase breaks ATP down into ADP, creating energy to fuel chemiosmosis. b) Oxygen is used as a source of electrons to replace those lost in photosystem II. c) Chemiosmosis during the light reactions is also used in the reduction of NADPH and FADH2. d) As excited electrons fall back down to a lower energy state, they create a proton gradient that is used to fuel the phosphorylation of ADP.
- Photosystems are essential to the light reactions. Which of the following is true about photosystems? a) Photosystems are embedded within membranes, across which they create a proton gradient. b) Photosystems work together to absorb light over a larger surface area than could be possible from just one pigment molecule working alone. c) Photosystems are composed of proteins and pigment molecules. d) All of the aboveHow, then, do plants that grow in hot climates ,such as sugar cane, prevent very high rates of wasteful photorespiration?In 1770, Joseph Priestley performed a series of experiments to determine the reactants and products of photosynthesis. The diagram below shows the experimental conditions and results of two experiments performed by Priestley, named here as Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. From his experiments, Priestley concluded that plants restore to the air whatever breathing animals and candles remove. Joseph Priestly Photosynthesis Experiments and Results Experiment Results: - candle extinguished (went out) 1 - mouse died Experiment 2 Results: candle continued to burn mouse stayed alive Note: Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 were both performed in the presence of sunlight. The substance produced by the plant in Experiment 2, that keeps the candle burning and the mouse alive is O CO2 O 02 O H2O O C6H1206