Concept explainers
To review:
The attachment of the lambda phage virus to the host cell and the process of insertion of its genome for replication.
Introduction:
Lambda phage is a bacterial virus that infects Escherichia coli (a bacterial species). Phage virus contains a head, tail, and tail fibers. The head of the phage has double-stranded linear genome and accessory proteins. During infection, the phage particle recognizes the host and binds to its cell.
Explanation of Solution
The bacteriophages need to infect a host for reproduction. Some of the phages reproduce through a lytic cycle while others can alternate between both lytic and lysogenic cycles. Lambda phage can switch between the lytic and lysogenic cycle when infecting E.coli bacteria. The phage particle during infection recognizes its host and ejects its deoxyribonucleotide acid (DNA) into the bacterial cytoplasm through its tail by the process of transduction. The circularized DNA undergoes several rounds of bidirectional replication to infect the host cell.
During the lytic cycle, the lambda
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
- In which of the four processes shown can material from a bacterial genome be transferred from one cell to another? Which are forms of horizontal transmission? Place the answer(s) in the cell highlighting that process. Partial genome transfer by DNA uptake Transformation Answer Bank material from a bacterial genome horizontal gene transfer Conjugation Plasmids Conjugation Genome Plasmid transfer during conjugation Partial genome transfer during conjugation Virus Transduction Transfer as part of viral genomearrow_forwardLambda phage çan facilitate bacterial chemosomal DNA transfer through the process of specialized transduction / generalized transduction (copy and paste the correct answer) A by transferring specific bacterial DNA / bacterial DNA at random (copy and paste the correct answer) A from a donor cell / recipient cell (copy and paste the correct answer) A to a donor cell / recipient cell (copy and paste the correct answer).arrow_forwardMost temperate phages integrate into the host chromosome, whereas some replicate as plasmids. Which kind of relationship would you think would be more likely to maintain the phage in the host cell? Why?arrow_forward
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- Which process listed below allows genetic material to be transferred from a virus-like particle that lacks genes for its own replication? A) Conjugation of an F+ plasmid B) Gene transfer through a gene transfer agent C) Transduction by a dsDNA phage Mu D) Transformation of a linear piece of DNAarrow_forwardWhat is the end replication problem? How does B. burgdorferi solve it?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? a) It converts viral RNA into double-stranded DNA Ob) It uses viral RNA as a template for making complementary RNA strands Oc) It translates viral RNA into proteins d) It uses viral DNA as a template for RNA synthesisarrow_forward
- Which structure is result of phage genome site on bacterial chromosome?arrow_forwardDouble-stranded RNA viruses, use the following polymerase for genome synthesis: A) viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. B) host cell DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. C) viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. D) host cell RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardDoes a phage "plaque" grow to a specific size? Why does it not clear the whole plate?arrow_forward
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