Concept explainers
RIRA Company makes attachments such as backhoes and grader and bulldozer blades for construction equipment. The company uses a job order cost system. Management is concerned about cost performance and evaluates the
Management is concerned about the increase in unit costs over the months from October to December. To understand what has occurred, management interviewed the purchasing manager and quality manager.
Purchasing Manager: Prices have been holding steady for our raw materials during the first half of the year. I found a new supplier for our bulk steel that was willing to offer a better price than we received in the past. I saw these lower steel prices and jumped on them, knowing that a reduction in steel prices would have a very favorable impact on our costs.
Quality Manager: Something happened around mid-year. All of a sudden, we were experiencing problems with respect to the quality of our steel. As a result, we’ve been having all sorts of problems on the shop floor in our foundry and welding operation.
- a. Analyze the two job cost sheets and identify why the unit costs have changed for the backhoe buckets. Complete the following schedule to help in your analysis:
- b. How would you interpret what has happened in light of your analysis and the interviews?
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Managerial Accounting
- Alvarez Manufacturing Inc. is a job shop. The management of Alvarez Manufacturing Inc. uses the cost information from the job sheets to assess cost performance. Information on the total cost, product type, and quantity of items produced is as follows: a. Develop a graph for each product (three graphs), with Job Number (in date order) on the horizontal axis and Unit Cost on the vertical axis. Use this information to determine Alvarez Manufacturing Inc.s cost performance over time for the three products. b. What additional information would you require in order to investigate Alvarez Manufacturing Inc.s cost performance more precisely?arrow_forwardThe following information, taken from the books of Herman Brothers Manufacturing represents the operations for January: The job cost system is used, and the February cost sheet for Job M45 shows the following: The following actual information was accumulated during February: Required: 1. Using the January data, ascertain the predetermined factory overhead rates to be used during February, based on the following: a. Direct labor cost b. Direct labor hours c. Machine hours 2. Prepare a schedule showing the total production cost of Job M45 under each method of applying factory overhead. 3. Prepare the entries to record the following for February operations: a. The liability for total factory overhead. b. Distribution of factory overhead to the departments. c. Application of factory overhead to the work in process in each department, using direct labor hours. (Use the predetermined rate calculated in Requirement 1.) d. Closing of the applied factory overhead accounts. e. Recording under- and overapplied factory overhead and closing the actual factory overhead accounts.arrow_forwardSultan, Inc. manufactures goods to special order and uses a job order cost system. During its first month of operations, the following selected transactions took place: Required: 1. Prepare a schedule reflecting the cost of each of the four jobs. 2. Prepare journal entries to record the transactions. 3. Compute the ending balance in Work in Process. 4. Compute the ending balance in Finished Goods.arrow_forward
- Brady Furniture Company manufactures wooden oak furniture. The company employs a job cost system to trace manufacturing costs to jobs. Each job represents a batch of furniture of the same type. Information regarding direct materials on selected jobs throughout the year is as follows: Dining tables are the most difficult furniture item in Bradys catalog to manufacture. Thus, the most skilled employees are scheduled to make dining tables, unless they are required for other jobs. a. Determine the material cost per unit for each job. b. Use the January material cost per unit for each type of furniture as the base material cost. For each month and each type of furniture, determine the unit material cost as a percent of the base unit material cost. Round percent to one decimal place. Use the following table format: c. Develop a line chart of the percent of unit material cost to the base unit material cost. Place the months on the horizontal axis and use three lines for the three different types of furniture. d. Interpret the chart. What is happening to the dining tables?arrow_forwardSan Mateo Optics, Inc., specializes in manufacturing lenses for large telescopes and cameras used in space exploration. As the specifications for the lenses are determined by the customer and vary considerably, the company uses a job-order costing system. Manufacturing overhead is applied to jobs on the basis of direct labor hours, utilizing the absorption- or full-costing method. San Mateos predetermined overhead rates for 20x1 and 20x2 were based on the following estimates. Jim Cimino, San Mateos controller, would like to use variable (direct) costing for internal reporting purposes as he believes statements prepared using variable costing are more appropriate for making product decisions. In order to explain the benefits of variable costing to the other members of San Mateos management team, Cimino plans to convert the companys income statement from absorption costing to variable costing. He has gathered the following information for this purpose, along with a copy of San Mateos 20x1 and 20x2 comparative income statement. San Mateo Optics, Inc. Comparative Income Statement For the Years 20x1 and 20x2 San Mateos actual manufacturing data for the two years are as follows: The companys actual inventory balances were as follows: For both years, all administrative expenses were fixed, while a portion of the selling expenses resulting from an 8 percent commission on net sales was variable. San Mateo reports any over-or underapplied overhead as an adjustment to the cost of goods sold. Required: 1. For the year ended December 31, 20x2, prepare the revised income statement for San Mateo Optics, Inc., utilizing the variable-costing method. Be sure to include the contribution margin on the revised income statement. 2. Describe two advantages of using variable costing rather than absorption costing. (CMA adapted)arrow_forwardChannel Products Inc. uses the job order cost system of accounting. The following is a list of the jobs completed during March, showing the charges for materials issued to production and for direct labor. Assume that factory overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor costs and that the predetermined rate is 200%. Required: Compute the amount of overhead to be added to the cost of each job completed during the month. Compute the total cost of each job completed during the month. Compute the total cost of producing all the jobs finished during the month.arrow_forward
- Use the space provided below to prepare six summary journal entries for the month of August. These entries record (1) cost of direct materials used, (2) cost of direct labor, (3) cost of applied overhead, (4) cost of jobs completed, (5) cost of goods sold, and (6) total sales on account. Then set up T-accounts for Work in Process, Finished Goods, Cost of Goods Sold, and Sales. Post the entries to the appropriate accounts and then balance each account. Finally, prepare a supporting schedule by job number showing the cost of ending work in process, finished goods, and cost of goods sold.arrow_forwardLandis Company uses a job-order costing system with a predetermined plantwide overhead rate based on direct labor-hours. In an effort to improve its ability to measure job profitability and make decisions, the company is considering allocating some of its overhead costs, such as electrical costs, based on machine-hours instead of direct labor-hours. To further explore the potential benefits of this approach, the company has gathered the following eight weeks of actual (not estimated) data with respect to its electrical costs: Machine-Hours Direct Labor-Hours Electrical Costs Week 1 7,700 8,910 76,200 Week 2 8,900 8,920 83,800 Week 3 8,600 8,870 81,000 Week 4 8,100 8,840 80,800 Week 5 7,600 8,990 79,400 Week 6 7,100 8,940 70,700 Week 7 5,500 8,870 61,500 Week 8 6,800 8,910 73,900 Total 60,300 71,250 607,300 Using the data above, the company…arrow_forwardHampton Court Furniture Company refinishes and reupholsters furniture. Hampton uses a job order cost system. When a prospective customer asks for a price quote on a job, the estimated cost data are inserted on an unnumbered job cost sheet. If the offer is accepted, a number is assigned to the job, and the costs incurred are recorded in the usual manner on the job cost sheet. After the job is completed, reasons for the variances between the estimated and actual costs are noted on the sheet. The data are then available to management in evaluating the efficiency of operations and in preparing quotes on future jobs. On June 10, 2006, an estimate of $561.60 for reupholstering a chair and couch was given to Danzel Bishop. The estimate was based on the following data: Estimated direct materials: 9 meters at $18 per meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $162.00 Estimated direct labor: 14 hours at $10 per hour . . . . . . . . . . . . .…arrow_forward
- High Desert Potteryworks makes a variety of pottery products that it sells to retailers such as Home Depot. The company uses a job-order costing system in which predetermined overhead rates are used to apply manufacturing overhead cost to jobs. The predetermined overhead rate in the Molding Department is based on machine-hours, and the rate in the Painting Department is based on direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year, the company's management made the following estimates: Department Molding Painting Direct labor-hours 39,500 51,200 Machine-hours 87,000 33,000 Direct materials cost $186,000 $196,000 Direct labor cost $277,000 $513,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead cost $243,600 $465,920 Variable manufacturing overhead per machine-hour $2.60 - Variable manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour - $4.60 Job 205 was started on August 1 and completed on August 10.…arrow_forwardRemnant Carpet Company sells and installs commercial carpeting for office buildings. Remnant Carpet Company uses a job order cost system. When a prospective customer asks for a price quote on a job, the estimated cost data are inserted on an unnumbered job cost sheet. If the offer is accepted, a number is assigned to the job, and the costs incurred are recorded in the usual manner on the job cost sheet. After the job is completed, reasons for the variances between the estimated and actual costs are noted on the sheet. The data are then available to management in evaluating the efficiency of operations and in preparing quotes on future jobs. On October 1, Remnant Carpet Company gave Jackson Consulting an estimate of $2,716 to carpet the consulting firm’s newly leased office. The estimate was based on the following data: Estimated direct materials: 30 meters at $32 per meter $ 960 Estimated direct labor: 28 hours at $20 per hour 560 Estimated factory overhead (75% of…arrow_forwardRemnant Carpet Company sells and installs commercial carpeting for office buildings. Remnant Carpet Company uses a job order cost system. When a prospective customer asks for a price quote on a job, the estimated cost data are inserted on an unnumbered job cost sheet. If the offer is accepted, a number is assigned to the job, and the costs incurred are recorded in the usual manner on the job cost sheet. After the job is completed, reasons for the variances between the estimated and actual costs are noted on the sheet. The data are then available to management in evaluating the efficiency of operations and in preparing quotes on future jobs. On October 1, Remnant Carpet Company gave Jackson Consulting an estimate of $2,716 to carpet the consulting firm’s newly leased office. The estimate was based on the following data: Estimated direct materials: 30 meters at $32 per meter $ 960 Estimated direct labor: 28 hours at $20 per hour 560 Estimated factory overhead (75% of…arrow_forward
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