Concept explainers
Define the terms diploid and haploid, and explain how the chromosomal sex of an individual is determined.
To review:
The terms diploid and haploid along with the process of determining the chromosomal sex of an individual.
Introduction:
Most of the cells in the human body have 23 pair of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are the compact structures formed by the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules wrapped around the histone proteins. DNA contains the genetic information inherited by the parents.
Explanation of Solution
Diploid is a condition of a cell where the cell has two sets of chromosomes obtained from parents. The total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46 out of which 23 are obtained from the mother and the remaining 23 are obtained from the father.
Haploid is the condition when the cells have half the number of chromosomes (that is 23). The gametes are the only cells that are present in a haploid state that in turn become diploid after the fertilization of both male and female gametes and result in a diploid zygote.
The female sex chromosome is represented as XX and the male sex is represented as XY. The diagram below depicts the combination of these chromosomes during fertilization and resulting in the formation of the male and female zygote:
The XX combination results in a female child whereas the combination of female X with the male Y chromosome results in a combination of XY, which leads to a male child.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Physiology
- Explain the genetic consequences of chromosomal configuration at different stages of meiosis.arrow_forwardExplain the purpose and result of meiosis AND describe the necessity of the reduction of the chromosome number and how it is achieved in meiosis.arrow_forwardIdentify the major events that occur in each phase of meiosis AND draw a labelled diagram.arrow_forward
- Differentiate between life cycle showing zygotic meiosis and life cycle showing gametic meiosis.arrow_forwardDraw the distribution of DNA (one set of homologous chromosomes) during meiosis. What happens in Meiosis I (prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I and Telophase I and interkinesis) and in Meiosis II (prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II and interkinesis).arrow_forwardCompare and contrast phases of meiosis I with phases of meiosis II in terms of the events taking place and the behaviour of chromosomes.arrow_forward
- What processes contribute to genetic diversity in meiosis? Describe in detail the event that occurs in prophase I.arrow_forwardDescribe each stage of Meiosis: MEIOSIS I PROPHASE 1- METAPHASE 1- ANAPHASE 1- TELOPHASE 1- MEIOSIS II PROPHASE II- METAPHASE II- ANAPHASE II- TELOPHASE II-arrow_forwardDescribe one function, brought about by the process of meiosis thatspermatogenesis and oogenesis have in common. Please write the similarities between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in a paragraph ratherthan a table. Please discuss the process mentioning differentiation, multiplication anddivision. How many stages of meiosis do they go through. Please mention if haploid ordiploid cells are formed.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning