Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: The structure and name of any eight isomers among the eighteen isomers of
Interpretation: The structure and name of any eight isomers among the eighteen isomers of alkane
Concept introduction: The rules for the naming of cycloalkanes are stated below.
- If two different cycloalkanes are present then the one with the more number of carbon atoms act as the parent chain.
- If the side chain has more number of carbon atoms then it act as the parent chain and the cyclic group becomes the substituent and is ended with the word”-yl”.
- The numbering is done in such a manner that the substituents groups occupy the lowest position.
- If different types of substituent groups are present then they are written in an alphabetical order.
- If a substituent is present more than one time then prefixes like di, tri, tetra are used depending on the number of times that particular substituent group appears in the given compound.
- If geometrical isomerism is possible in the given compound then cis and trans is used before the name of the compound.
(a)
Answer to Problem 3.33SP
The structure and name of any eight isomers among the eighteen isomers of alkane
Explanation of Solution
The isomers of given alkane
Figure 1
The randomly selected first isomer is shown below.
Figure 2
The name of the above compound is octane.
The randomly selected second isomer is shown below.
Figure 3
The name of the above compound is
The randomly selected third isomer is shown below.
Figure 4
The name of the above compound is
The randomly selected fourth isomer is shown below.
Figure 5
The name of the above compound is
The randomly selected fifth isomer is shown below.
Figure 6
The name of the above compound is
The randomly selected sixth isomer is shown below.
Figure 7
The name of the above compound is
The randomly selected seventh isomer is shown below.
Figure 8
The name of the above compound is
The randomly selected seventh isomer is shown below.
Figure 9
The name of the above compound is
(b)
To determine: The structure and name of six isomeric cyclopentanes having molecular formula
Interpretation: The structure and name of six isomeric cyclopentanes having molecular formula
Concept introduction: The rules for the naming of cycloalkanes are stated below.
- If two different cycloalkanes are present then the one with the more number of carbon atoms act as the parent chain.
- If the side chain has more number of carbon atoms then it act as the parent chain and the cyclic group becomes the substituent and is ended with the word”-yl”.
- The numbering is done in such a manner that the substituents groups occupy the lowest position.
- If different types of substituent groups are present then they are written in an alphabetical order.
- If a substituent is present more than one time then prefixes like di, tri, tetra are used depending on the number of times that particular substituent group appears in the given compound.
- If geometrical isomerism is possible in the given compound then cis and trans is used before the name of the compound.
(b)
Answer to Problem 3.33SP
The structure and name of six isomeric cyclopentanes having molecular formula
Explanation of Solution
The isomers of given cyclopentane
Figure 10
The first isomer is shown below.
Figure 11
According to IUPAC rules numbering is started from the substituted carbon. Therefore, the name of the above compound is
The second isomer is shown below.
Figure 12
According to IUPAC rules numbering is started from the substituted carbon. Therefore, the name of the above compound is
The third isomer is shown below.
Figure 13
According to IUPAC rules numbering is started from the substituted carbon. Numbering is done in such a manner that the substituents occupy the least position. On the basis of priority of groups
The fourth isomer is shown below.
Figure 14
According to IUPAC rules numbering is started from the substituted carbon. Numbering is done in such a manner that the substituents occupy the least position. On the basis of priority of groups
The fifth isomer is shown below.
Figure 15
According to IUPAC rules numbering is started from the substituted carbon. Numbering is done in such a manner that the substituents occupy the least position. On the basis of priority of groups
The sixth isomer is shown below.
Figure 16
According to IUPAC rules numbering is started from the substituted carbon. Numbering is done in such a manner that the substituents occupy the least position. On the basis of priority of groups
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
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