Lab Instructions_ Cell Biology Act I Mission Memo (Spring A 2024 Onward)
.pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Arizona State University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
181
Subject
Biology
Date
Apr 27, 2024
Type
Pages
21
Uploaded by GeneralWorld11374 on coursehero.com
Lab Instructions: Cell Biology Act I Mission Memo
Greetings Fellow Explorer:
The spotted gliders in the Allurian Forest need your help! Many gliders have succumbed
to a mysterious illness. Thanks to your careful analysis, we now have a probable
diagnosis: cancer.
Still, cancer doesn't usually affect a large fraction of a population. Therefore, we must
learn what caused this widespread disease and decide how to treat it.
Use the following questions to guide your work:
●
Are elevated concentrations of carcinogens in water, air, or soil to blame for the
widespread cases of cancer in spotted gliders? (Appendices 1 and 2)
●
How could a malfunction in cellular communication have caused the cancer in
spotted gliders? (Appendix 3)
Universally in your debt,
The AI
Note:
You will be using the program Microsoft Excel for this assignment. We have provided
links to Excel tutorials and transcripts where applicable, to help you answer the questions.
Appendix 1
Could the widespread cases of cancer in spotted gliders be
explained by elevated levels of carcinogens in the water?
Cancer results from mutations in genes that cause cells to reproduce uncontrollably.
Often, these mutations occur when certain chemicals from the environment—called
carcinogens
—interact with the genetic material in cells.
At low concentrations, carcinogens present a low risk of cancer. However, an artificial
environment such as the Intergalactic Wildlife Sanctuary could contain elevated levels of
carcinogens. Some known carcinogens are found in the structural framework of the
sanctuary. Therefore, the carcinogens could have accumulated in the water, air, or soil of
the Allurian Forest.
The Intergalactic Wildlife Federation (IWF) follows the health and safety
recommendations of the Galactic Environmental Treaty, which limits the concentrations of
potentially harmful chemicals. This treaty specifies that drinking water should contain less
than 10 micrograms of a given carcinogen per liter (< 10 µg/L). Any concentration greater
than this limit could increase the risk of cancer.
Your water samples from the Allurian Forest are critical for determining whether a
carcinogen could have caused the tumors in spotted gliders. Why? Since we don’t have
data on the concentration of carcinogens in the tissues of sick and healthy spotted
gliders, knowing the concentration of carcinogens in the water where the sick spotted
gliders were found is the next best set of information to help us determine if elevated
concentrations of carcinogens could be to blame for the widespread cases of cancer in
spotted gliders.
We will follow three steps to answer the question “Could the widespread cases of cancer
in spotted gliders be explained by elevated levels of carcinogens in the water?”
Step 1: Anticipate your analysis
: Determine what you should observe if the
concentration of carcinogen in water exceeds the recommended limits. This step will
help us identify the evidence needed to build an argument in Step 3.
Step 2: Calculate the probability that the concentration of carcinogen in water
exceeds the recommended limit of 10 µg/L:
Determine whether the concentration of
carcinogen in water likely exceeds the recommended limits. This step gives us the
evidence needed to build an argument in Step 3, when we will conclude if an elevated
concentration of carcinogens in the water could explain the widespread cases of cancer
in spotted gliders.
Step 3: Weigh the evidence and conclude if an elevated concentration of carcinogens
in the water could explain the widespread cases of cancer in spotted gliders:
Construct
an argument to answer the question “Could the widespread cases of cancer in spotted
gliders be explained by elevated levels of carcinogens in the water?” Your argument
should draw on your calculations in Steps 1 and 2.
Step 1: Anticipate your analysis.
To construct a sound argument, one must anticipate the evidence needed to support a
claim. In this assignment, you can choose between two claims:
●
Potential Claim 1:
Yes, the widespread cases of cancer in spotted gliders could be
explained by elevated levels of carcinogens in the water.
●
Potential Claim 2:
No, the widespread cases of cancer in spotted gliders could
not be explained by elevated levels of carcinogens in the water.
The figure below shows the mean concentration of carcinogen in the water at three
different locations. In the figure, the y-axis represents the mean concentration of
carcinogen, with higher values indicating more carcinogen. The x-axis represents the
different locations where the water was tested for the carcinogen. The dashed line
indicates the recommended limit of carcinogens, 10 µg/L (µ is the Greek letter “mu” and
µg is the abbreviation for micrograms per liter [L] of water; µg/L). Finally, the solid circles
represent the mean concentration of carcinogen in the water at each location.
Figure 1.0.
1.
Select the location that best illustrates what one should expect to observe
if the
concentration of carcinogen in water exceeds the recommended limit of 10
µg/L.
a.
Location A
b.
Location B
c.
Location C
Step 2: Calculate the probability that the concentration of
carcinogen in water exceeds the recommended limit of 10 µg/L
.
Excel tutorials:
●
#6 Functions: Describing Data
;
#6 Functions: Describing Data transcript
●
#7 Functions: The Count Family and Absolute Cell References
;
#7 Functions: The
Count Family and Absolute Cell References transcript
●
#8 Calculating Frequencies
;
#8 Calculating Frequencies transcript
●
#10 Estimating Parameters of a Normal Probability Distribution
;
#10 Estimating
Parameters of a Normal Probability Distribution transcript
●
#11 Calculating a Probability from a Normal Probability Distribution
;
#11 Calculating a
Probability from a Normal Probability Distribution transcript
To determine if the widespread cases of cancer in spotted gliders could be explained by
elevated levels of carcinogens in the water, we will need to determine whether the
concentration of carcinogen in water exceeds the recommended limit. To do this, we
must estimate the probability that the water contains a concentration of carcinogens
greater than 10 µg/L. Before we can estimate that probability, we must determine
whether a normal probability distribution reasonably describes the frequency distribution
of carcinogen concentrations. If not, we should use the data to calculate the probability
instead of using a normal probability distribution.
Download the Excel file titled “Act I: A Mysterious Disease Workbook,” containing the
concentrations of carcinogen in 20 water samples collected from the Allurian Forest.
Then, decide whether the data can be modeled with a normal probability distribution. We
need to be sure the data meet the assumptions of this model before using it to draw
conclusions.
Directions
: For questions 2-4, download the “Act I: A Mysterious Disease Workbook”
from your Canvas assignment and refer to the sheet titled “Question 2,” containing the
concentrations of carcinogen in water samples from the Allurian Forest (sample size = 20
water samples). Use Excel for calculations, modeling, and graphing. Round all calculated
values to the nearest tenth of a decimal place. For example, if you calculate the value as
3.8218, round to 3.8.
2.
Use the sheet (tab) labeled “Question 2” to create a plot of a frequency
distribution (also known as a histogram) of the concentration of carcinogen in
water (sample size = 20 water samples). Your plot should follow the formatting
guidelines listed below.
Hint: If you are having trouble with the cell formatting when entering the bin
ranges in your spreadsheet, format only the bin range cells as “Text.”
Excel tutorials:
●
#8 Calculating Frequencies
;
#8 Calculating Frequencies transcript
●
#9 Saving Plots as Images
;
#9 Saving Plots as Images transcript
Formatting Instructions
●
Chart type: 2D Bar Chart
●
Chart title: “Frequency of Carcinogens in Water”
●
Y-axis title: “Frequency”; Font size = 18
●
Y-axis numbers: Font size = 14
●
X-axis title: “Concentration of Carcinogen (µg/L)”; Font size = 18
●
X-axis numbers: Font size = 14
●
Bins = Use the following 6 bins: 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6
3.
Based on the frequency distribution, does a normal probability distribution
reasonably model the concentration of carcinogen in water?
4.
Explain your answer to the previous question. Be sure to discuss the assumptions
of a normal probability distribution and why, based on the frequency distribution,
these assumptions seem appropriate (or not) for modeling the concentration of
carcinogen in water.
Now that we have determined whether the data can be reasonably modeled by a normal
probability distribution, we can estimate the probability of observing a certain
concentration of carcinogen in the water of the Allurian Forest. Your approach to
estimating this probability should depend on whether the data can be reasonably
modeled by a normal probability distribution. Let's compare two approaches, one that
uses a normal probability distribution and one that uses only the data.
Note: You will answer
both
approaches (questions 5 and 6), regardless of your answers
to questions 3 and 4.
Approach 1: Use the normal probability distribution to estimate the probability
Let’s assume that a normal probability distribution reasonably describes the data. In this
case, you should use the following approach to estimate the probability that the
concentration of carcinogen in water exceeds the recommended limit of 10 µg/L:
(1) Estimate the mean and standard deviation of the concentration of carcinogen.
No
the
probability
distribution
doesn't
have
a
symmetrical
bell
shaped
curve
+
does
not
have
evenly
distributed
tails
.
Off
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
Question
questions.
: Answer the following
A) Compare between the two major types of
cells. Also, explain the different levels of
interactions between living organisms in the
environment.
B) Explain why experiments on different
kinds of animals may have relevance for
understanding human biology, give also, an
example of such approach.
arrow_forward
QUESTION: A 35-year-old man is known to have been HIV-positive for the past 10 years. Physical examination now shows multiple reddish purple, nodular skin lesions with the microscopic appearance shown in the figure. These lesions have been slowly increasing for the past year. Which of the following risk factors is most likely to play a role in the development of these skin lesions? A Antiretroviral therapy B Epstein-Barr virus infection C Hyperlipidemia D Mycobacterium avium complex infection E Sexual intercourse
do fast please
arrow_forward
question: Can you summarize and explain for me what you want to tell in the article below? Can you explain the figure? When I read it myself, I do not understand exactly what is meant by the article. It would be nice if you could highlight the important points. You can use them in a figure or diagram to explain. thank you and hava a nice day :)
Article:
Nanotechnology Tools to Detect SARS-CoV-2
Standard procedures for detecting the virus from nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs have been reviewed recently and are primarily based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Here, we would like to mention some preliminary ideas on nanotechnology-based assays to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2. A simplified test and variants thereof to detect viral proteins (e.g., HIV or influenza virus) without the need for expensive equipment is based on the color change of Au NPs bound to antibodies. Similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies coupled…
arrow_forward
Need detail explanation
Scenario:
A 56-year-old client was diagnosed with aggressive bone cancer that required a below the knee amputation of the left leg 14 months ago. The client received recommended chemotherapy and radiation, but it was found recently that the cancer has metastasized to the chest and skull. There is lymph node involvement with a primary tumor partially obstructing the right kidney. The client was readmitted 4 days ago for removal of the remaining portion of the left leg and was told that there is no appropriate surgical or medical intervention that would be beneficial at this point in the disease process. The interdisciplinary health care team has recommended palliative care upon discharge since the client’s life expectancy is between 3 and 5 months. The client has developed a mutually respectful relationship with a nurse on the unit who has provided care throughout all previous hospitalizations. The client shares with the licensed practical nurse (LPN) that, “I…
arrow_forward
Question:-
Why is it important for a cancer cell to undergo phenotypic changes to be able to metastasize to distant organs? Describe briefly the two transitions that cells undergo during this process. How can you identify metastasis from a solid tumor in a lymph node?
arrow_forward
question: Can you summarize and explain for me what you want to tell in the article below? When I read it myself, I do not understand exactly what is meant by the article. It would be nice if you could highlight the important points. You can use them in a figure or diagram to explain. thank you and hava a nice day :)
Article:
Nanomaterial-Based Vaccine Development and Immunomodulation
Following the publication of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 on January 11, 2020, intense research efforts have been devoted to developing a vaccine against COVID-19. With unprecedented speed, this extraordinary scientific mobilization led the first vaccine candidate to enter the Phase I human clinical trial on March 16, 2020, and other novel candidates are rapidly following. Up to May 22, 2020, there are 10 COVID-19 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluations and 114 in preclinical development.
Concerning vaccine and immunization research, nanomaterials can assist in multiple ways to boost the…
arrow_forward
how do i expand this into 1000 words for a result section of a report
The objective is to interpret the results of an RNA-Seq analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in breast cancer using figure 1. The data provided includes gene symbols, chromosome location, start and end points, strand, fold change, log2 fold change, p-value, and false discovery rate (FDR). The RNA-Seq analysis has identified several genes that are differentially expressed in breast cancer. These genes are located on various chromosomes and have varying levels of fold change, indicating the degree to which their expression levels differ between normal and cancerous cells. The gene with the highest fold change is EYA4, located on chromosome 6, with a fold change of 3604.4176. This indicates that the expression of this gene is over 3600 times higher in cancer cells compared to normal cells. The log2 fold change is 11.81555, which is a measure of the magnitude of the difference in gene expression. The…
arrow_forward
Answer and explain your choice to the following multiple-choice questions about cancer-promoting mutations.
The ABC gene undergoes multiple gene duplication events, producing multiple copies of this gene in the genome. This gene duplication event is associated with cancer. What would best describe the normal function of ABC gene?
Inhibit cell growth and division
Oncogene
Inhibit apoptosis
Metabolic enzyme
EXPLAIN in 1-2 sentences:
A mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) causes it to send a positive signal along its intracellular signaling pathway, even without the EGF ligand bound to it. Knowing the function of a growth factor, how would you classify this mutation?
an activating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene
an activating mutation in a proto-oncogene
a loss of function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene
a loss of function mutation in a proto-oncogene
EXPLAIN in 1-2 sentences:
In an otherwise normal cell, what would be the immediate result of a…
arrow_forward
shift T
ctrl
caps lock
tab
VILION
fn
Quiz Submissions - Take: Unit D Practice Quiz
JUDITH BIRECH (username: nj2191ne)
Attempt 1
Written: Feb 9, 2023 2:20 PM - Feb 9, 2023 3:06 PM
Submission View
Released: Feb 13, 2023 12:01 AM
Question 2
A patient had decreased mast cells. Which do you predict?
K
a) decreased histamine & increased inflammation
Ob) increased histamine & increased inflammation
34°F
Sunny
/" @
Q
ion x360 Laptop
ment anywhere
A
Z
W
■
3
S
E
4
alt
%
الالالال
التاكاك
R
O Search
5
F
T
6
8
9
||G|H|J|K
M
arrow_forward
Question :-
If the total cancer risk is 100 cancers/104 people/Sv, what is the cancer risk incurred by an occupationally exposed worker who received 1 cGy/year, each year, for 20 years? How does this compare with the national cancer risk?
arrow_forward
courses/49703/quizzes/244266/take/questions/4605424
at is cieariy outside tne scope or our iecture fiotes anid labs Tor any reason, your score W
ro.
ote***You are allowed to use blank scratch paper to help you on the exam.
nank you for your cooperation everyone, and good luck!
Question 4
What term is most closely associated with the term "differentiation"?
new growth
O taking on a cellular fate
O mitosis
O genetic mutation
O translation
« Previous
No new data to save. Last checked at 9:42.
FEB
23
arrow_forward
Question: Why does the term expired mean that a patient has died?
arrow_forward
3:53 1 + t A
42.0
KB/S
7i ul l 62
chegg.com/homework-h
1
home / study / science / anatomy and physiology / anatomy and physiology questions and answers / asked with an image
Your question has been posted.
We'll notify you when a Chegg Expert has answered. Post another question.
O Next time just snap a photo of your problem. No typing,
no scanning, no explanation required.
Get Chegg Study App
Question:
O Edit question
Nerve
Origin Movements muscles
innervated
Cutaneous or sensory
innervation
allary
radial
Muscilo-cutaneous
ulnar
median
obturator
Femoral nerve
tibial
Common fibular
nerves
Deep fibular nerve
Superficial fibular
nerve
Sciatic nerve
Gluteal nerves
Pudendal nerves
Mioinguinal nerve
Lumbosacral nerves
Expert Answero
This question hasn't been answered
COMPANY
LEGAL & POLICIES
CHEGO PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
CHEGO NETWORK
About Chegg
Chegg For Good
College Marketing
Mobile Apps
EasyBib
Internships.com
Advertising Choices
Cheap Textbooks
Cookie Notice
Chegg Coupon
Sell Textbooks…
arrow_forward
Question:-
The success of renal transplantation depends on three human histocompatibility genes, HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C, which must match between the donor and the receiver. A single mismatch may cause the kidney rejection. Each gene has multiple co-dominant alleles. These three genes are located very close to each other on chromosome 6, so that the recombination rate is very low (below 1%).
The father has the following genotype: A1, A2, B24, B10, Cw4 and Cw7 and the mother is A1, A1, B11, B7, Cw5 and Cw8. Their first boy is A1, A1, B24, B11, Cw7 and Cw8. What is the probability that the second child is compatible with his/her brother?
arrow_forward
Question:-
1. Describe an assay that could measure the activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC).
arrow_forward
Question: Some scientists have concluded that this method of gene therapy will be a more effective long-term treatment for SCD than HSCT. Use all the information provided to evaluate this conclusion.
I dont know how to answer this question pls help:(
arrow_forward
The question that I need help with is : Explain why cells in the human body have the same DNA but different structures and functions?
arrow_forward
Looking at Figure 1, what did Romansik et al. (2007) find regarding the relationship between the mitotic index and tumor grades. Explain their findings in your own words. Use specific details from Figure 1.
The research paper is here: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1354/vp.44-3-335
arrow_forward
Discussion: (1 or 2 paragraphs with your own opinion like how Circulating Tumor DNA as Biomarkers for Cancer Detection technology can be early detector of cancer)
arrow_forward
List several reasons why angiogenesis is a very active area for cancer therapy research.
arrow_forward
how do i expand this into 1000 words
The methodology employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in breast cancer using RNA-Seq data involves several systematic steps integrating data retrieval, analysis, normalization, DEG identification, and functional annotation. Initially, raw RNA-Seq data is retrieved from the NCBI GEO database, specifically from dataset GSE216238 (Nakshatri, 2023), which encompasses samples from both breast cancer and normal tissue. Subsequently, the raw data was imported into Excel for initial analysis, leveraging its widespread availability and user-friendly interface. Gene expression data for breast cancer analysis was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.
The GEO homepage (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) was accessed, and the "Query & Browse" tab was selected. Advanced Search: Under "Search GEO DataSets," an advanced search was conducted (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds/advanced). Keywords "breast" and "cancer" were…
arrow_forward
Which type of stem cell therapy may cause some ethical issues and may results in benign tumor? (Name only, no description required)
arrow_forward
question: Can you summarize and explain for me what you want to tell in the article below? When I read it myself, I do not understand exactly what is meant by the article. It would be nice if you could highlight the important points. You can use them in a figure or diagram to explain. thank you and hava a nice day :)
Article:
Interference with Cellular Uptake, Immobilization, and Inactivation of the Virus Outside of the Host Cell
Nanomaterials can be synthesized with a high specific surface area of a few hundred square meters per gram. Therefore, dependent on the surface properties, nanomaterials efficiently adsorb biomolecules and form a so-called biomolecular corona. This passive, nontargeted adsorption might be utilized to bind viruses, provided that the selected nanomaterial is relatively biocompatible. Viral surface proteins are often modified by sugar moieties or encompass positively charged amino acid patches that bind to lectins or glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of heparan sulfate…
arrow_forward
how do i expand this into 1000 words
The objective is to interpret the results of an RNA-Seq analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in breast cancer using figure 1. The data provided includes gene symbols, chromosome location, start and end points, strand, fold change, log2 fold change, p-value, and false discovery rate (FDR). The RNA-Seq analysis has identified several genes that are differentially expressed in breast cancer. These genes are located on various chromosomes and have varying levels of fold change, indicating the degree to which their expression levels differ between normal and cancerous cells. The gene with the highest fold change is EYA4, located on chromosome 6, with a fold change of 3604.4176. This indicates that the expression of this gene is over 3600 times higher in cancer cells compared to normal cells. The log2 fold change is 11.81555, which is a measure of the magnitude of the difference in gene expression. The p-value for this gene is extremely low…
arrow_forward
Question:-
Your patient has a three month history of weight loss, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes. He has been seen for numerous opportunistic infections. These are infections by pathogens that usually do not cause significant disease in humans. He has a history of IV drug abuse and admits to having shared used needles with other drug abusers. You suspect he has Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The virology
lab is having technical difficulties right now and is unable to test for the presence of Human Immunodeficiency virus. However, the hematology lab is able to test for the presence of different types of lymphocytes. If patient does have AIDS, which type of lymphocyte would be most affected and would the numbers of this lymphocyte be increased or decreased?
arrow_forward
Question:-
When researchers test a new drug using two similar groups of mice, the group of mice that receive the placebo constitute the ______
arrow_forward
For many years, targeted therapies for cancer treatment continue to be developed, however more and more patients are developing resistance to targeted therapies. Discuss one mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies for cancer and provide an example of how might creatively combat it using clinical concepts.
arrow_forward
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs.
Question: What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples.
Please explain in detail the main findings with your own words.
arrow_forward
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs.
Question: What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs?
arrow_forward
Question 1. Describe and explain the epidemiological evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages..
Question 2. Describe and explain the genetic evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.
arrow_forward
Discuss why cancer treatment may involve a combinationof chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Related Questions
- Question questions. : Answer the following A) Compare between the two major types of cells. Also, explain the different levels of interactions between living organisms in the environment. B) Explain why experiments on different kinds of animals may have relevance for understanding human biology, give also, an example of such approach.arrow_forwardQUESTION: A 35-year-old man is known to have been HIV-positive for the past 10 years. Physical examination now shows multiple reddish purple, nodular skin lesions with the microscopic appearance shown in the figure. These lesions have been slowly increasing for the past year. Which of the following risk factors is most likely to play a role in the development of these skin lesions? A Antiretroviral therapy B Epstein-Barr virus infection C Hyperlipidemia D Mycobacterium avium complex infection E Sexual intercourse do fast pleasearrow_forwardquestion: Can you summarize and explain for me what you want to tell in the article below? Can you explain the figure? When I read it myself, I do not understand exactly what is meant by the article. It would be nice if you could highlight the important points. You can use them in a figure or diagram to explain. thank you and hava a nice day :) Article: Nanotechnology Tools to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Standard procedures for detecting the virus from nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs have been reviewed recently and are primarily based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Here, we would like to mention some preliminary ideas on nanotechnology-based assays to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2. A simplified test and variants thereof to detect viral proteins (e.g., HIV or influenza virus) without the need for expensive equipment is based on the color change of Au NPs bound to antibodies. Similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies coupled…arrow_forward
- Need detail explanation Scenario: A 56-year-old client was diagnosed with aggressive bone cancer that required a below the knee amputation of the left leg 14 months ago. The client received recommended chemotherapy and radiation, but it was found recently that the cancer has metastasized to the chest and skull. There is lymph node involvement with a primary tumor partially obstructing the right kidney. The client was readmitted 4 days ago for removal of the remaining portion of the left leg and was told that there is no appropriate surgical or medical intervention that would be beneficial at this point in the disease process. The interdisciplinary health care team has recommended palliative care upon discharge since the client’s life expectancy is between 3 and 5 months. The client has developed a mutually respectful relationship with a nurse on the unit who has provided care throughout all previous hospitalizations. The client shares with the licensed practical nurse (LPN) that, “I…arrow_forwardQuestion:- Why is it important for a cancer cell to undergo phenotypic changes to be able to metastasize to distant organs? Describe briefly the two transitions that cells undergo during this process. How can you identify metastasis from a solid tumor in a lymph node?arrow_forwardquestion: Can you summarize and explain for me what you want to tell in the article below? When I read it myself, I do not understand exactly what is meant by the article. It would be nice if you could highlight the important points. You can use them in a figure or diagram to explain. thank you and hava a nice day :) Article: Nanomaterial-Based Vaccine Development and Immunomodulation Following the publication of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 on January 11, 2020, intense research efforts have been devoted to developing a vaccine against COVID-19. With unprecedented speed, this extraordinary scientific mobilization led the first vaccine candidate to enter the Phase I human clinical trial on March 16, 2020, and other novel candidates are rapidly following. Up to May 22, 2020, there are 10 COVID-19 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluations and 114 in preclinical development. Concerning vaccine and immunization research, nanomaterials can assist in multiple ways to boost the…arrow_forward
- how do i expand this into 1000 words for a result section of a report The objective is to interpret the results of an RNA-Seq analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in breast cancer using figure 1. The data provided includes gene symbols, chromosome location, start and end points, strand, fold change, log2 fold change, p-value, and false discovery rate (FDR). The RNA-Seq analysis has identified several genes that are differentially expressed in breast cancer. These genes are located on various chromosomes and have varying levels of fold change, indicating the degree to which their expression levels differ between normal and cancerous cells. The gene with the highest fold change is EYA4, located on chromosome 6, with a fold change of 3604.4176. This indicates that the expression of this gene is over 3600 times higher in cancer cells compared to normal cells. The log2 fold change is 11.81555, which is a measure of the magnitude of the difference in gene expression. The…arrow_forwardAnswer and explain your choice to the following multiple-choice questions about cancer-promoting mutations. The ABC gene undergoes multiple gene duplication events, producing multiple copies of this gene in the genome. This gene duplication event is associated with cancer. What would best describe the normal function of ABC gene? Inhibit cell growth and division Oncogene Inhibit apoptosis Metabolic enzyme EXPLAIN in 1-2 sentences: A mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) causes it to send a positive signal along its intracellular signaling pathway, even without the EGF ligand bound to it. Knowing the function of a growth factor, how would you classify this mutation? an activating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene an activating mutation in a proto-oncogene a loss of function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene a loss of function mutation in a proto-oncogene EXPLAIN in 1-2 sentences: In an otherwise normal cell, what would be the immediate result of a…arrow_forwardshift T ctrl caps lock tab VILION fn Quiz Submissions - Take: Unit D Practice Quiz JUDITH BIRECH (username: nj2191ne) Attempt 1 Written: Feb 9, 2023 2:20 PM - Feb 9, 2023 3:06 PM Submission View Released: Feb 13, 2023 12:01 AM Question 2 A patient had decreased mast cells. Which do you predict? K a) decreased histamine & increased inflammation Ob) increased histamine & increased inflammation 34°F Sunny /" @ Q ion x360 Laptop ment anywhere A Z W ■ 3 S E 4 alt % الالالال التاكاك R O Search 5 F T 6 8 9 ||G|H|J|K Marrow_forward
- Question :- If the total cancer risk is 100 cancers/104 people/Sv, what is the cancer risk incurred by an occupationally exposed worker who received 1 cGy/year, each year, for 20 years? How does this compare with the national cancer risk?arrow_forwardcourses/49703/quizzes/244266/take/questions/4605424 at is cieariy outside tne scope or our iecture fiotes anid labs Tor any reason, your score W ro. ote***You are allowed to use blank scratch paper to help you on the exam. nank you for your cooperation everyone, and good luck! Question 4 What term is most closely associated with the term "differentiation"? new growth O taking on a cellular fate O mitosis O genetic mutation O translation « Previous No new data to save. Last checked at 9:42. FEB 23arrow_forwardQuestion: Why does the term expired mean that a patient has died?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you