Chapter 4 Flashcards _ Quizlet

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5/2/24, 7:55 AM Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/485722687/chapter-4-flash-cards/ 1/6 Chapter 4 5.0 (2 reviews) Students also viewed Terms in this set (84) Others also viewed these textbooks Search for a textbook or question Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th Edition • ISBN: 9780815344322 (5 more) Alexander Johnson, Bruce Alberts, David Morgan, Julian Lewis, Keith Roberts, Martin Raff, Peter Walter 356 solutions Chapter 4 38 terms Leslie_Palomares9 Preview Chapter 4: Evolutionary Origin of Ce ... 67 terms dillonmansour Preview Metabolism and Energy Overview 62 terms hnoellet Preview Mitosis and Teacher 16 julie_woo The origin of life was likely preceded by a period in which small organic molecules accumulated on the surface of: clay ___ is the ability to visualize a particular cell structure based on how different it looks from an adjacent structure. Contrast The complete protein composition of a cell or organism is called the proteom What best explains why most cells are small? Cells must be small to be able to take up nutrients efficiently The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes The interaction of which of the following macromolecules plays an important role in the formation of living cells? DNA RNA proteins ___ stores genetic information ___ acts as an intermediary in protein synthesis, and proteins form the foundation for the structure and activities of living cells DNA; RNA Nucleotides and amino acids were polymerized to form: RNA, DNA, and proteins Chapter 4

5/2/24, 7:55 AM Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/485722687/chapter-4-flash-cards/ 2/6 What was missing in the early history of life on earth, that can explain why organic molecules were able to accumulate? living organisms oxygen in the atmosphere The slow accumulation of organic molecules in the early oceans formed what is now called a ___ soup prebiotic The accumulation of organic molecules in the early oceans formed the ___ ___. prebiotic soup During the second stage in the origin of life, small organic molecules polymerized to form which of the following on the surface of clay? Macromolecules Oxidation-reduction reactions are required for the formation of ___ ___ molecules from simple inorganic molecules. complex organic 1.43-billion-year-old fossils of deep-sea ______ were discovered near ancient deep-sea vents. microbes In protobionts, a boundary such as a ______ separates internal polymers from the environment. lipid bilayer The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum form which of the following? Cisternae Fluid-filled tubules Match the macromolecule to its function. protein: forms the foundation for the structure and activities of living cells DNA: stores genetic information RNA: acts as an intermediary in the process of protein synthesis Which of the following is necessary for the formation of complex organic molecules from simple inorganic molecules? Oxidation-reduction reactions It is during the third stage in the origin of life that an outer ______ formed to separate the internal polymers from the environment. boundary How would early cells benefit from DNA replacing RNA as the information storage molecule? Information would be stored in a more stable molecule RNA would have more flexibility in its catalytic functions Which of these is an optical instrument that allows researchers to view and study very small objects, such as cellular structures? Microscope Which of these terms refers to the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects from one another? Resolution A light microscope utilizes ___ for illumination, whereas an electron microscope uses a beam of ___. light; electrons True or false: The resolution of an electron microscope is far better than that of a light microscope. True Chapter 4

5/2/24, 7:55 AM Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet https://quizlet.com/485722687/chapter-4-flash-cards/ 3/6 The complete set of genetic material present in a cell or organism is called its genome Based on cell structure, all life forms can be placed into two categories called ___ and ___. prokaryotes; eukaryotes Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes because they lack a membrane-enclosed ___, which houses the DNA. nucleus Where is the DNA housed in a bacterial cell? Nucleoid region In this figure of a typical bacterial cell, the letters represent the following parts: A=___; B= plasma ___; C= ___ ___. nucleoid; membrane; cell wall What are the two types of life forms? Prokaryotes Eukaryotes The different chemical properties of amino acids have given proteins ______ catalytic ability than RNA molecules. greater Which of the following organisms are eukaryotes? Fungi Animals Plants In bacteria, the genetic material is located in a region of the cytoplasm called the ___. nucleoid ___, a measure of clarity, is the ability to observe two adjacent objects as distinct from one another. Resolution In eukaryotic cells, most of the DNA is housed in an internal compartment, or organelle, called the ___. nucleus The general term used to describe a membrane-bound structure within a cell that has its own unique structure and function is ___. organelle A diagram of a typical bacterial cell is shown here. Match the letter to its appropriate structure. A: Ribosomes B: Cytoplasm C: Pili D: Flagella Eukaryotic cells have many membrane- bound compartments called ___, whereas prokaryotic cells do not exhibit compartmentalization. organelles Aside from bacteria and archaea, all other species are ___. eukaryotes In eukaryotes, the ___ is the region of a eukaryotic cell that is outside the membrane- bound organelles but inside the plasma membrane. cytosol Which of the following describes an organelle? A membrane-bound component with its own unique structure and function. Chapter 4

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