International Organisations And Development Of Tourism

As defined by the World Tourism Organization (WTO), tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes. Key concepts of sustainable development and sustainable tourism, values and ethics of sustainable tourism and the needs of sustainability in all form of tourism shall be discussed in this essay.

The use of natural resources to attract tourists, if successful, leads to the obligation of an infrastructure upon ‘nature’. Over time, it is the manmade structures that maintain the desirability of the tourist resort, not the natural features that prompted the original.(Ryan, 1991) Thus by focusing too much on attracting tourists

Policy and planning directly related, despite being completely different types of processes, they both confront the same issues, that being the overall future development of a destination. This essay reflects on policy and planning in the tourism industry. Beginning with the purpose of tourism policy, underlining why policy and planning is important, how it is utilized, and finally the benefits to tourism development. Utilizing examples from Kenya, United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Croatia to further illustrate why tourism policies and planning are necessary in destinations.

This book presents results that were implemented during 2011 in the execution of a bilateral protocol of cooperation signed between the Faculty of Architecture University of Belgrade and the National Tourism Development Corporation at the beginning of year, under the auspices of the Ministry of Economy and Regional Development of the Republic of Serbia. The cooperation was initiated with the idea of achieving a qualitative contribution to the further development and promotion of investment projects in tourism in the Republic of Serbia, and has yielded very fruitful results that are partially presented by this monograph.

Over the past forty years, trends in the tourism industry illustrate there has been strong growth from a regional and global perspective. This increased growth in the industry has ultimately brought large benefits to communities, providing great economic development, employment, and social benefits. It is imperative that communities capitalize on these opportunities. Local governments are one of the of the major authorities to provide infrastructure and planning procedures that maximize the benefit for their communities in a sustainable manner.

As we saw previously, we can divide the touristic industry into two major categories, the modern-day massive tourism and ecotourism. Both forms have a distinctive history, definition, economic benefits and environmental impact. Although both are growing at lightning speed, especially as our societies become wealthier and eager to explore the world around them, the biggest dilemma lies on which, ecotourism or tourism, is a better alternative to pursue to balance economic development and environmental protection. To find the answer, we need to analyze and compare the main premises about the two topics.

Sustainable Development is defined as expanding economic sectors and increasing wealth while at the same time minimizing the depletion of natural resources. The relations amongst nature, people, and tourism have flourished in recent years and the potential for a mutually beneficial bond between humans and their co existing environmental resources has created a new market niche which today is one of the largest growing industry sectors. Ecotourism has been a front runner in the promotion of a new strategy that focuses on the funding of conservation efforts, while ensuring to feed the socioeconomic growth that an areas habitants require. Hosting communities welcome eco-tourists to stay with them to gain an educational background on the natural history and conservation of the region while at the same time taking advantage of the tourist activities that the area provides. The accommodations, amenities, and tourist activities of these eco-tourism communities have been redesigned to be ecologically sustainable in the hope to minimize the carbon footprint of the area while encouraging a positive economic profit. This approach to conservation is a modern method which originated in Africa (Hulme & Murfree, 1999). Prior to this modern form of conservation was a deep-rooted technique which used what is known as the fortress technique to conserve natural resources. This system of practice speaks for itself because essentially, the area to be conserved will be

Sustainable tourism is stated to be tourism development that "avoids damage to the environment, economy and cultures of the locations where it takes place. The aim of sustainable tourism is to ensure that development is a positive experience for local people; tourism companies; and tourists themselves." (The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2012) The tourism industry is such that produces "significant impacts on natural resources, consumption patterns, pollution and social systems." (The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2012) The facts on tourism include that 980 million individuals travel internationally (2011 data) and that number is estimated to reach 1.5 trillion by 2020. Travel and tourism is representative of 10% of the total global Gross Domestic Product (GD), which is inclusive of other related tourism businesses such as catering and cleaning. Finally, there are approximately 25 million individuals across 52 countries that have been displaced by violence, persecution and other disasters all of which affects tourism receipts in every country throughout the world. (The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2012, paraphrased) Sustainable tourism is stated to be about ""¦re-focusing and adapting. A balance must be found between limits and usage so that continuous changing, monitoring and planning ensure that tourism can be managed. This requires thinking long-term (10, 20+ years) and

Tourism and the environment have a very complex and interdependent relationship. Today, tourism is one of the largest industries in today's

The growing interest in sustainable development in the tourism industry has accelerated the experts’ concern about the social and biophysical effects of tourism. In this context, the carrying capacity is deemed to evaluate how the tourism development sustains local communities and their cultural and environmental circumstance at a specific tourism site. This evaluation is getting more and more importance, as the researchers, or perhaps the planners and executors of tourism development fear the committing resources to specific uses in the modern world of growing scarcity.

PURPOSE: To convince students that environmental damage is inevitable and precautionary measures should be taken to lessen this problem to ensure that the Caribbean keeps it title as a “tourist destination”.

(Ashley, et al., 2001) The degree of control is significant element of sustainability and the debate is how local communities should be involved in the sustainable development of tourism in their area. If sustainable tourism development is successful, it may help pro-poor tourism to reduce the poverty in different levels. (Mowforth & Munt, 2003) To achieve the sustainable tourism in poor regions tourism development needs to be well planned and managed and the overall environmental quality needs to be maintained and improved. Poverty reduction impacts should be taken into consideration when assessing sustainability. (WTO, 2002)

The world tourism organisation (UNTWO) states: “tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.” Throughout this essay the concept of tourism will be discussed using a systems approach as well as using Neil Leiper’s ‘basic whole tourism system’ (Leiper, 2004) theory. The vulnerability of the open tourism system to periodic disruption will also be looked at through the example of The September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks on The United States of America. 9/11 as it is referred to today, was an event that shocked the world. Four airplanes were hijacked by the Islamic extremist group, al-Qaeda, and carried out suicide attacks in the United States. Over 3,000 people were killed because of these attacks as well as the tourism industry suffering worldwide and the American employment and economy declining significantly.

In every tourism policy, one can find different issues and challenges that a particular country is facing or has to face as a destination which is trying to manage and compete with other countries all over the word especially those who offer basically the same product to the tourists. A tourism policy shows a number of policy responses and a number of aims and tasks which the government of that particular destination is committed to do in a stipulated number of years.

The nature, value and extent of international and domestic tourism have changed significantly in recent years. Because of its propensity to generate substantial economic benefits such as employment, foreign exchange, income and tax revenues (Nowak et al., 2003), developed countries and developing countries in particular, have embarked upon tourism-related development policies (Heidarabadi, 2008). On the other hand, in the last decade more and more tourists from non-Western Constantina Skanavis & Maria Sakellari countries participate in international tourism, while the most spectacular change is the growth of non-Western domestic tourism.