Unit 6 Lab Report

In the second part of the experiment, they took 3 test tubes, one containing a small amount of potassium chloride, one with a like amount of potassium chlorate, and one that contained a solution obtained from adding distilled water to the crucible, that was used in the first part of the experiment, and heated it for about a minute, and then they added 10 ml of distilled water to each and stirred. In each of the tubes, they added 5 drops of dilute (6 M) nitric acid and 5 drops of 0.1 M silver nitrate solution, then stirred each test tube and observed carefully.

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

The following picture shows the CVD growth for WS2. The yield is not very High like MoS2, it is only on the center sample and triangle size up to 80um. To improve the growth, we need to reduce the sulfur flux, and increase the Tungsten trioxide (WO3) flux by changing temperature or quantities. Also, we should increase the growth time.

The classes fastest information processing time occurred during the color sort with preview trial. Following, was the suit sort with preview trial. Next, the cards that were sorted by color without any preview followed. The information processing time that took the longest occurred when the cards had to be sorted by suit without preview. These results did not support the stated hypothesis. While it was expected that the suit sort trials would lead to the longest information processing time with or without preview, the results showed that any trial with preview had the fastest information processing time.

Studies show that unwashed or lightly rinsed vegetables can harbor pathogenic bacteria and have been implicated in numerous foodborne infections. The objective of this experiment was to obtain a quantitative viable plate count of enteric bacteria present in a sample of broccoli sprout water. To enumerate the number of bacterial colonies present in the sample, we performed serial dilutions of broccoli water spread onto MacConkey Agar plates. MacConkey Agar is a selective and differential media. It is used to select enteric bacteria and differentiate lactose-fermenters from non-lactose fermenters. Utilizing this process illustrated the potential amount of foodborne illness causing bacteria present on foods, specifically fresh broccoli

In this experiment, there are no significant ethical considerations as we had not used any living organisms. There were no extreme safety concerns, however there are still precautions that needed to be taken. Cobalt chloride is very toxic and is irritating to the skin so when handling the cobalt chloride solution, wear lab coats and safety goggles and have all hair tied up. Handle the solution with care to try and prevent the solution from coming into contact with skin. If it does spill onto skin, wash it off with water and soap. Do not touch your eyes when handling this substance to prevent it from entering your eyes.

FS5 was built based on FS1.It can calculate temperature easily with 0.5% reading accuracy among resistors, it is more economical and has no moving parts, reliable, low pressure drop and repeatable molecular mass flow measurement. The chip is made of very pure platinum in thin layers on the resistors, so it can withstand long time and a very high temperature. It uses conductometric principle.

Methods: Due to experimental error in previous labs, we did not obtain the DNA of our original taxa. We then chose to use DNA sequences supplied by the TA from the 2016 and 2017 school year. We picked six fungal taxa obtained from differing parts of English Yew Trees, including its fruit, bark, and leaves. Using the DNA sequences given, we copied the sequence into the BLAST system found on blast.ncbi.gov, making sure to add “fungi” into the organism box and to search for somewhat similar sequences. Once the program obtained the results, we scrolled down to the first result that gave a genus and species name, with an “ITS” in the description. Using the information given in the results, we filled in the information on Table 2, including seq

In this lab, the following equipment were used to help measure the different values which in turn helped calculate the required properties of the different fluids:

The infill brick walls of Specimen 5 were produced by the small windows opening. These window openings were shifted to the side of the one column at stories. Until the end of the experiment, 9 hysteresis cycles were applied to Specimen 5 at both forward and backward. Specimen 5 reached 9.14 kN lateral force and +7.56 mm displacement at 4 hysteresis forward cycle and -19.31 kN lateral force and -21.51 mm displacement at 8 hysteresis backward cycle. When Specimen 5 reached to ultimate lateral load-carrying capacity, interstory drift value was 0.7% at forward and interstory drift value was 3% at backward. Load controlled program and base shear versus second story displacement hysteresis curve of Specimen 5 are shown in Fig. 14.

By looking at ‎Figure 3.7, a better match can be noticed in general shape of the profiles that are matching the theoretical profile corresponding to open-terrain condition (target α = 0.15). For instance, at d=2H, 3D-CFD-RSM is showing a good representation of open-terrain profile for the mean velocity until , and above this point the profile has a tendency to decrease speed which is also the trend of experimental measurements above . This is mainly because in the laboratory and also CFD simulations, there is no velocity inflow above the last upper row of fans, but for the theoretical formulation and in nature, there is still increasing velocity inflow beyond this height. Another insight of CFD simulations is that the results of the 2D k-є model are not as good as the results of 3D cases when comparing with the theoretical target velocity profiles.

During this lab, the main focus was on making accurate and precise metric, and pH measurements. The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity of the solution. A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change when adding acidic or basic components. The main function of buffer is to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, which maintains the pH of the solution relatively stable. It has the ability to resist pH change because the acid and base that are presented in appreciable amounts at equilibrium and are able to neutralize small amounts of other acids and bases when added to the solution. Sodium chloride is a compound formed from the

The second spectrum had five distinct signals with no signs of symmetry and therefore must be coming from the ortho isomer. For this ortho isomer the calculated and observed peak values were quite different. This could have been due to many factors. These factors include the temperature, concentration, and PH of the sample and also the type of spectrometer used.8 One major difference can be caused by the solvent used for the sample. The observed spectrum was performed using CDCl3 but it was very likely the calculated spectrum was performed using a different solvent such as DMSO. Depending on the structure, bonding behaves differently to each solvent. Another reason that the calculated values may vary from observed values is that the

The metabolic activities of microorganism are frequently used to identify bacteria species. There are four useful reactions that are commonly used to examine several metabolic activities of microorganism which are carbohydrate fermentation test, Voges-Proskauer test, Methyl Red test and Citrate utilization test. The first test involved in this this experiment is the carbohydrate fermentation test. Fermentation is a metabolic process that performed by almost all types of bacteria. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is the ultimate energy source of the organism is produce.

Maintenance of genomic integrity is crucial for cell survival in resistance to endogenous and exogenous environmental insults to the genetic material. Multiple DNA repair pathways coordinate the response to such genotoxins and protect our genome [1]. Endogenous insults may be generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism in the form of reactive oxygen species or during physiological processes such as meiotic recombination, mating-type switching in yeasts, V(D)J recombination and DNA replication-transcription collision [2-5]. Exogenous stresses include hypoxia, radiation and dietary carcinogens [6, 7]. Depending on the nature of damage to the DNA structure which, may range from breaks in phosphodiester bonds such