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and taga tåget (=to take a train). The thoroughly American use of right is imitated by a similar use of its equivalent, rätt, as in rätt af (=right off), rätt iväg (=right away) and rätt intill (=right next to). The Swede at home says här i landet (=here in this country); in America he says i det här landet (=in this here country). All right, well and other such American counter-words he adopts instantly, just as he adopts hell and damn. He exiles the preposition, imitating the American vulgate, to the end of the sentence. He begins to use the Swedish af precisely as if it were the English of, and i as if it were in. After a few years his Swedish is so heavy with American loan-words and American idioms that it is almost unintelligible to his brother recently arrived from home.

8. Dutch

The Dutch language exists in two forms in the United States, both differentiated from the original Dutch of Holland by the influence of American-English. The first is the so-called Jersey, or Bergen County Dutch, which is spoken by the descendants of seventeenth century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, New Jersey. In New York, as everyone knows, Dutch completely disappeared many years ago, but in these Jersey counties it still survives, though apparently obsolescent, and is spoken by many persons who are not of Dutch blood, including a few negroes. The second variety of Americanized Dutch is spoken by more recent immigrants, chiefly in Michigan. There is little if any communication between the two dialects.

An excellent short study of Jersey Dutch was published by Dr. J. Dyneley Prince in 1910; 30 it remains the only one in print. The dialect, says Dr. Prince, “was originally the South Holland or Flemish language, which, in the course of centuries (ca. 1630-1880), became mixed with and partially influenced by English, having bor

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