10. You have developed a transcription assay that recapitulates the in vivo regulation of the promoter for the RNA Pol II-transcribed Ratchet gene. By fractionating this extract, you have purified and cloned two specific transcription factors that, in addition to the general RNA Pol II transcription factors, are required for correct regulation of the promoter. As a first step to understand the function of these factors you make a series of deletion mutants of the Ratchet promoter and test their effect on transcription in the presence and absence of the Click and Clack factors. You find the following results. 3 5 7 Transcription +Click -Click -Clack +Clack + ++++ +++ +++ + +++ +++ +++ Based on this data, what would you predict the function of elements 3, 6, and 7 are?
Q: A polypeptide with a net positive charge at at pH 6.3 most likely contains amino acids with R groups…
A: Polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids linked by peptide/amide bonds with release of water…
Q: What metabolic structure is produced from the carbon atoms of each of the following amino acids?…
A: Metabolism of amino acids results in the removal of amino group and entry of the remaining carbon…
Q: -120 2 1, 2, 4 1,3,4 60 2,3 3 180 All of the answers are correct
A: Ramchandran plot is a two dimensional plot used to visualize energetically allowed regions for…
Q: Describe in detail why the atoms surrounding the peptide bond are planar, forming the so-called…
A: Peptide bonds are the bonds that join the amino acids to form polypeptide. It is formed by…
Q: Given the active site diagram below, identify the acidic residue from the indicated components.
A: Amino acids are basic unit for any protein or polypeptide chain. It consist of -COOH, -NH2, side…
Q: A type of protein hydrolysis that is generally used only in the determination of tryptophan.* A.…
A: Introduction: The process of protein hydrolysis involves the splitting of peptide bonds to form…
Q: Sphingolipids can contain of all of the following except A. glycerol. B. sphingosine. C.…
A: Sphingolipids are composed of sphingoside base to which fatty acid is linked through amide bond.…
Q: Given the active site below, which best describes the mechanism(s) of catalysis? 5 NH 2 *H₂N. HN O…
A: Active site: The area of an enzyme's active site is where substrate molecules interact and engage…
Q: A. Experimental Results Sample Copper acetate Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 Sample No. Sample Identity 3…
A: 1. Copper acetate test: It is used to differentiate between Oils ( fatty acids+glycerol) and free…
Q: Ascorbic acid is another name for: OA. Vitamin B6 OB. Vitamin C OC. Vitamin A OD. Vitamin E
A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) is a negative allosteric regulator of hemoglobin that is produced red…
A: 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) is a compound that promotes hemoglobin transition from a…
Q: Which of the following accurately describes biotechnology? Using biological processes for…
A: Biotechnology as the word refers it a combined use of biology and technology. It a technological…
Q: You assay 0.5 ml of 1/2000 diluted egg white for protein, as described in the practical schedule,…
A: Standard calibration curves are plotted by taking concentration of the solution in x axis and…
Q: Many vitamins in foods are unstable and can be destroyed by: A. heat OB. light O C. oxygen OD. all…
A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: One difference between synport and antiport is that A. only antiport requires energy. B. only…
A: Symport and antiport are different types pf transporter protein.
Q: The hydrolysis of ATP has a large negative ΔG'°; nevertheless it is stable in solution due to: a.…
A: ∆G (free energy change) is the difference in free energy between reactants and products. The value…
Q: Which of the following enzymes are required for the shown reaction? a. a-ketoglutarate…
A: The last common mechanism for the oxidation of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates is the citric…
Q: QUESTION 10 Beta-carotene is a prescursor for: A. Vitamin A OB. Riboflavin OC. Folate OD. Vitamin D.…
A: Vitamins can be thought of as organic chemicals that must be consumed in small amounts to carry out…
Q: When the concentration of H+ ions in a solution decreases, a buffer maintains the pH of a solution…
A: Introduction: A buffer is a weak acid or base that prevents sudden changes in the pH of the…
Q: Which nonvalent interaction is based on partial charges of the molecules, which are non-induced?
A: A type of chemical bond known as a noncovalent bond is most frequently seen between macromolecules.…
Q: How many bypassed reactions does gluconeogenesis have? 10 2 3 6 1
A: The synthesis of glucose from the non-carbohydrate precursors is called gluconeogenesis. Major…
Q: Given the active site diagram below, which of the indicated components is/are necessary for proton…
A:
Q: what are the two dipeptides that can result from the reaction of zwitterions of this amino acid and…
A: A peptide is a polymer of amino acid. A dipeptide is a polymer of amino acid containing only 2 amino…
Q: 1. Why is cyanmethemoglobin method preferred than other methods? 2. In what circumstances is the…
A: There are multiple questions given and not mentioned as to which has to be answered. So, I will…
Q: Question 23 Explain the structure of your protein. (Up to 100 words) For the toolbar, press ALT+F10…
A: When asked to explain the structure of a protein, we must describe the primary, secondary and…
Q: i submitted this question twice and i got different answers
A: Enzymes are biocatalysts which increase the rate of biochemical reactions. And the activity of…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding enzyme catalysis is false? All options are false. Once…
A: Normally an energy barrier exists between substrates (S) and products (P) i.e., S -> P…
Q: A glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) knockout mouse was created but none of the pups survived.…
A: Glucose-6-phoshate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disorder in which hemolysis of red blood…
Q: Which of the following pairs depict the absolute specificity of the enzyme Select one: a. All of…
A: Enzymes are specific in their action. Some enzymes are group specific, whereas others exhibit…
Q: 1. What are the products of beta oxidation of a 21-carbon fatty acid? (Provide the number of each…
A: Fatty acids are the important components of lipids. Simple lipids are composed of fatty acids that…
Q: Which of the following is NOT part of the body's third line of defense? Antibodies O Cytotoxic…
A: To combat foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, the human body does have three…
Q: Which of the following best describes the lipid aggregates known as liposomes? A. They contain a…
A: Liposomes are spherical structures that enclose aqueous compartment inside surrounded by Phospho…
Q: Describe Ninhydrin test for proteins with the reaction
A: Qualitative tests help to detect the presence of substances by giving visible reactions such as…
Q: Under what conditions will lactic acid accumulate in skeletal muscle? A. when citric acid enzymes…
A: Lactic acid is the end product of anaerobic Glycolysis where Glucose is oxidised to lactic acid.
Q: ook at this drug mainly ionized could be mainl he stomach testine 8 Flood 735 side the cell exboxy…
A: pH is the measure of the strength of H+ ion or Hydronium ions in solution. pOH is the measure of…
Q: Which of the following regarding disulfide bonds is/are true? Disulfide bonds are the most common…
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids. They are linked together by peptide linkages. Proteins have…
Q: I just read an abstract of the paper “Disulfide bond-disrupting agents activate the tumor necrosis…
A: The TNF or Tumour Necrosis Factor receptors are Cysteine Rich Domain (CRD) containing Receptors. It…
Q: Do carbohydrates increase insulin resistance
A: Insulin is an hormone secreted by the Beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin reduces the blood glucose…
Q: The proton pump in ETC is an active transporter. Where does it get the energy to pump protons…
A: ETC is electron transport chain. It is located in inner membrane of mitochondria. It is involved in…
Q: What types of bonds form the primary structure of nucleic acids? 0 hydrophobic peptide hydrogen…
A: The nucleic acids form the genetic material of an organism. The genetic information is stored in the…
Q: describe strategies to modify and improve a protein
A: Protein engineering is a new field of science which focuses on improving the functionality of an…
Q: 1. Assign IUPAC names to each of the following small peptides. a. Gly-Ala-Leu b. Gly-Tyr-Ser-Ser C.…
A: As a general rule of writing peptides, the N-terminal is at the left and the C terminal is at the…
Q: Ampicillin 150mg PO every 6 hours is order for a child that weights 12kg today. The recommended dose…
A: Recommended ampicillin dose= 50-100mg/kg/day in four divided doses Dose for 12kg child=…
Q: We have mRNA prepared from human cells but PCR needs DNA. What should we do?
A: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that is used in molecular biology to amplify a…
Q: What is difference between normal primer and degenerative primer
A: Primer: These should be 18–24 nucleotides in the length and it provides for the practical annealing…
Q: 3.2 In the scheme below, a globular structure of a trans-membrane protein within the cellular…
A: "Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Hello need help with this question Unit is biochemistry, you could draw out the structure. Could you…
A:
Q: What is the nomenclature for the fatty acid shown below? A. 20:8(D5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15) B.…
A: Fatty acids are important micromolecules which combine together to form lipids in plants, animals…
Q: escribe using two named examples how recombinant genes have been used to produce commercially…
A: Introduction: Recombinant DNA technology is a molecular biology methodology involving DNA production…
Q: Protein that is located primarily in muscles and gives redness color of the muscle.* A. Hemoglobin…
A: Proteins are biomolecules that are classified into several types based on their functions. They are…
Please help
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- a. Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tractswith more than 25 As or Ts in a row, yet almost alleukaryotic mRNAs have a tract with more than100 As in a row. How is this possible?b. Scientists know the nucleotide sequences that directthe termination of bacterial gene transcription, butthey generally have little idea about the nature ofthe nucleotide sequences that direct transcriptiontermination in eukaryotic cells. Explain the basisof this statement.Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase or decrease therate of gene transcription. Promoter mutations that increasetranscription are termed up-promoter mutations, and those thatdecrease transcription are termed down-promoter mutations.The sequence of the −10 site of the promoter for the lac operonis TATGTT (see Figure 14.5). Would you expect each of thefollowing mutations to be an up-promoter or down-promotermutation?A. TATGTT to TATATTB. TATGTT to TTTGTTC. TATGTT to TATGATHow does the 4 feature of transcription factors namely the structural motifs of DNA binding protein, activation domains, multiple transcription factors and enhancers help in the design of a building block tool. U can use the SrY gene as ur building block tool. Pls explain in details using those features of the transcription factors. In 400 words
- . One mechanism by which antisense RNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression is by base pairingwith the ribosome binding site on the sense mRNA toblock translation. In a second, alternative mechanism,the act of transcribing an antisense RNA can somehow prevent RNA polymerase from recognizing thesense promoter for the same gene. Design an experimental approach that would enable you to distinguishbetween these two modes of action at a specific gene.(Hint: What would be the outcome in each case ifhigh levels of the antisense RNA were transcribedfrom a gene on a plasmid?)The transcription of a gene called YFG (your favoritegene) is activated when three transcription factors (TFA,TFB, TFC) interact to recruit the co-activator CRX. TFA,TFB, TFC, and CRX and their respective binding sitesconstitute an enhanceosome located 10 kb from the transcription start site. Draw a diagram showing how youthink the enhanceosome functions to recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter of YFG.A. Identify the mutation(s) that lead to the most loss in transcriptional activity, and discusswhether those match expectations based on the consensus sequence for the Initiator.B. Hypothesize a molecular mechanism to explain how the mutations identified in Part Aresult in loss of transcription activity.C. Identify whether any mutations cause transcription to initiate from a different positionthan wild-type, and provide a brief explanation as to why that occurs for those mutantcore promoters. THIS IS A PRIMER EXTENSION ASSAY
- III.ii-Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Esiankiki: My mom told me that in the case of lactase persistence, it turns out that the persistence is caused by continued expression of the lactase RNA. Xiao-Ma: That's so interesting! Here are some more notes from my biology class. I wonder how the lactase RNA can be expressed in some adults but not in others? Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR ATA BINDING TATA BOX coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. CORE PROMOTER- REPRESSOR POLYMERASE BASAL FACTORS CODING REGION Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. - The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by…A bacterial species has a hypothetical sigma promoter that has the following sequence: TTGGCA - 18 bases - TATAAT What change in the level of transcription would there be if the sequence was mutated to: TTCGCA -18 bases -TATAAT Group of answer choices 1.The mutation would inhibit the promoter thereby inhibiting transcription 2.No change the consensus TATAAT sequence in the same. 3.The mutation would move the promoter away from consensus and reduce the level of transcription 4.The mutation would bind the promoter to the consensus and produce normal levels of transcription5. As you know, the lac promoter is a poor intrinsic promoter: it is transcribed efficiently only when CAP-CAMP is bound nearby. Imagine that a culture of E. coli cells is mutagenized and spread on an agar plate containing IPTG, glucose, and X-Gal. Most of the resulting colonies are white but a few are blue. [IPTG is a lactose analog that binds to and inactivates the lac repressor; unlike lactose, IPTG does not require Lac Permease (LacY) to enter the cell. X-gal is a substrate of B-galactosidase that yields a blue product when cleaved by the enzyme; X-gal does not bind to the lac repressor. For the purpose of this problem, assume that anything less than maximal induction of B-galactosidase results in a white colony. (i) Why was it expected that most of the colonies would be white? (ii) Describe two different mutations mapping within protein-coding DNA that can account for the blue colonies. The two mutations should map in different genes and need not map to the lac operon. Name the…
- . In an effort to determine the location of an operator sitefor a negatively regulated gene, you have made a seriesof deletions within the regulatory region. The extent ofeach deletion is shown by the line underneath the sequence, and the resulting expression from the operon(i = inducible; c = constitutive; − = no expression) isalso indicated.... GGAT C T T AGCCGGCTAACATGATAAATATAA......C C T AGAATCGGCCGA TTGTA C T A TTT ATAT T ...1 i2 –3 c4 –5 ca. What can you conclude from these data about thelocation of the operator site?b. Why do you think deletions 2 and 4 show no expression of the gene?The enormous complexity in initiating eukaryotic gene transcription seems at first glance to be wasteful. What is the most plausible reason for requiring so many different proteins to assemble on a large array of DNA sequences in order to initiate transcription? O The use of large numbers of proteins and regulatory sequences in DNA opens many possibilities for sophisticated combinatorial gene regulation O The need to open chromatin for transcription demands a much larger number of proteins and regulatory sequences in DNA O The use of large numbers of proteins and regulatory sequences in DNA is essential for alternative splicing of hnRNA in eukaryotes O The larger number of eukaryotic genes demands a correspondingly larger transcription apparatus than that of prokaryotes The larger size of eukaryotic cells demands a correspondingly larger transcription apparatus than that of prokaryotes1. Eukaryotic transcription initiation begins at the TATA site approximately 30 bp upstream of the transcription start site. One subunit of TFIID (Transcription Factor II D) binds at the TATA site. What is this subunit? 2. This initial binding at the TATA site is specific and coincides with the binding of the entire TFIID complex. This results in a massive change of shape to the DNA helix of the promoter region. After TFIID binding and this shape change, another GTF(General Transcription Factor) can bind. What is this next GTF? 3. Next, which GTF binds to a DNA sequence in the promoter region and to the TFIID-promoter complex before the binding of the RNA Pol II-TFIIF complex? 4. Describe how would you redraw Figure 13-16 to reflect the change in the dsDNA helical shape due to the initial binding to the TATA site? 5. What other…