21. In photosynthesis, select the INCORRECT statement about chemiosmosIs! A. moves protons from thylakoid space to stroma. B. it is a part of light reaction. C. moves protons from stroma to thylakoid space. D. facilitated by ATP synthase complex E. (A+B)

21. In photosynthesis, select the INCORRECT statement about chemiosmosIs! A. moves protons from thylakoid space to stroma. B. it is a part of light reaction. C. moves protons from stroma to thylakoid space. D. facilitated by ATP synthase complex E. (A+B)

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter8: Photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYK

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Concept explainers

Photosynthesis

Plants have a capacity that we humans can only imagine— the ability to produce food from sunlight. Sure, we can prepare some dishes that we can savor on, but it become possible because of the plants (as they serve as a producers of all the raw materials required). Photosynthesis is the method of assembling carbohydrates with the aid of sunlight.

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21. In photosynthesis, select the INCORRECT statement about chemiosmosis:
A. moves protons from thylakoid space to stroma.
B. it is a part of light reaction.
C. moves protons from stroma to thylakoid space.
D. facilitated by ATP synthase complex
E. (A+B).

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Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?
1. During the light dependent reaction, the molecules within the membrane absorb light energy 2. high energy compounds light dependent portion of photosynthesis 3. an electron which is released by a process called and are produced in the in the thylakoid enters where it is energized and used to convert energy. 4. protons travel through located in the thylakoid membrane in a high energy compound. a process known as 5. The three stages of the light independent reaction are to produce and 6. The most abundant protein on earth is 7. You would need molecules of RuBp in order to create 1 molecule of glucose
d) In the presence of sunlight, an electrochemical gradient is generated between two of the spaces within the chloroplast. 1.Describe what happens when a photon of light energy hits a molecule of chlorophyl. 2. What is meant by the term electrochemical gradient? 3.What role does the photosynthetic electron transport chain play in the generation of the electrochemical gradient? 4. Two chemical reactions also contribute to the generation of the electrochemical gradient. What are the reactions, where do they occur, and why do these factors affect the gradient? 5. The electrochemical gradient can be utilised by ATP synthase to generate ATP - explain how the location and structure of ATP synthase enable it to perform this function. e) The light reactions of photosynthesis generate ATP and NADPH for use in the dark reactions (i.e., the Calvin cycle). Why are they needed?
1. Which of the following does NOT happen during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?A. ATP is producedB. Oxygen is producedC. NADPH is producedD. Glucose is produced 2. The overall source of energy for photosynthesis is:A. energy released when water is split, and oxygen is producedB. energy from NADPHC. light energy from the sun D. energy from ATP 3. John Dela Cruz grew algae in the presence of a poison that stops the lightindependent reactions of photosynthesis. As a result, which molecules will the light-dependent reactions stop producing?A. ADP and NADP+B. ADP and NADPHC. ATP and NADP+D. ATP and NADPH
Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
1.Which of the following best describes how light energy is "captured" during the process of photosynthesis? a. The correct photon of light "excites" an electron in a chlorophyll molecule. b. Light heats up the stroma in the center of the chloroplast which causes enzymes to convert CO2 into glucose. c. Photons of light cause H+ to move through the thylakoid membrane, creating a hydrogen ion gradient. 2. What best explains what happens to the electrons that are excited out of chlorophyll molecules during the process of photosynthesis? a.They are pumped across the thylakoid membrane in the ETC of photosynthesis. b. They cause electrons in NADPH to get "excited" and form new bonds in ATP. c. They are captured and move through an ETC, creating ATP and ultimately being captured by NADPH. d. They fall back into the chlorophyll molecule, emitting ATP as they fall.
2.) A.) Explain how electron transfer leads to ATP biosynthesis in the light reactions of photosynthesis. You must give details about how electron flow builds a pH gradient and a description of the compartments in the chloroplast in relation to pH. Also, compare the ETC of the mitochondrion with the ETC of the light reactions for both the source and destination for electrons. B.) Would ATP biosynthesis happen if ionophores, which would create holes in the thylakoid membrane and allow uncontrolled passage of charged molecules such as protons between compartments, are provided to the chloroplast? Why or why not? C.) How would you modify Complex I of the electron transport chain to decrease ATP yield from Step 3 of β-oxidation? As part of this, you must explain why there is a difference in ATP yield between NADH and FADH 2 AND give a specific change to the ETC that would decrease ATP yield from Step 3
45. Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is NOT true? Group of answer choices a. The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons. b. Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb light energy, which excites electrons. c. ATP is generated by photophosphorylation. d. Electrons from water are given to the chlorophyll molecules of Photosystem I.
55. Why do hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP Synthase? Group of answer choices a. They are pumped actively through ATP Synthase. This uses up ATP energy and causes the production of ADP and phosphate. b. They flow passively from high concentration to low concentration via facilitated diffusion. As they flow through ATP Synthase, the enzyme spins and produces ATP. c. They flow through the Calvin Cycle and produce light. d. Hydrogen ions do not actually flow from the thylakoid space to the stroma. They flow the opposite way.
1. Which of the following causes the formation of ATP during the light dependent reaction? A. It is caused by the electrochemical gradient created by the splitting or water molecules B. It is caused by the increase or oxygen gas in the system C. It is created when the electrons allow the attachment of an inorganic phosphate to ADP D. The photons energize the activation of the ATP synthase, thus combining an inorganic phosphate to ADP. 2. What is the purpose of splitting water in photosystem II? A. To create an electrochemical gradient in the thylakoid B. To create oxygen molecules C. To make the environment acidic D. To provide free hydrogen ions that would soon attach to inorganic phosphates in ATP synthesis
During the light-dependent reactions the high energy electron from P680. Select one: a. moves to Photosystem I b. becomes incorporated into water molecules c. is used to fix carbon dioxide d. is pumped into the thylakoid space e. reduces FAD
Use the bank of terms below to complete each of the following. Record your answers onto the Google Form. a. bof Complex b. ATP g. photosystem II h. stroma m. bundle sheath cell c. NADH d. stoma е. Сз f. granum i. primary electron acceptor j. C4 k. cytochrome complex 1. rubisco n. G3P o. cyclic photophosphorylation р. САМ q. photosystem l 147 131 133 Plant leaf Plant leaf hint: the process b. 139 d. NAG e. 139 140 134 d. 135 145 136 f. ch r e -146 ot h ten tton NAD -NADH tyn feredi pitting ye gradet 142 hinti enayme 000000 000 photye 143 137 Proe ducta Al 000 138 ytentre MOP 000 0000 ph erten P 139 cha 000 144 NADP ectron tnpot chain NADP 139 reductase 140 145 148 plants: cool, moist environments 149 plants: hot, dry environments 150 plarts hot, dry, and desert erniroments co, or 0, 00, + H,0 chemioumotie syrteso -146 Co, rubisco attaches mainly O, to RuBP one gycolate cerbon fixation in mesophyll cells stomoto open at right: CO, uptoke onalosostate but little water loss 141 only one…