A man was prescribed barbiturates 6 months ago. However, with time the physician had to increase the daily dosage to maintain the same therapeutic drug level for his seizure disorder. Why is this occurring? a) upregulation of drug receptors on neurons b) decreased absorption from stomach c) induction of neuronal metabolism d) induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver
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- The nurse administering a cholinergic-blocking drug to a patient who is experiencing drug-induced extrapyramidal effects would assess for which therapeutic effect?a) Decreased muscle rigidity and tremorsb) Increased heart ratec) Decreased bronchial secretionsd) Decreased GI motility and peristalsisQ. Barbiturates inhibit my Reticular Activating System (RAS), therefore what effect do they have on my body? A) Increased awareness B) Muscle tension C) Increased seizures D) Reduced consciousness .1) What factor can lead to opioid overdose via a reduction in enzyme metabolism? a) Long-term opioid use decreases available enzymes compared to early use. b) Stress decreases the availability of opioid metabolizing enzymes compared to non-stressed conditions c) Opioid administration in a novel environment leads to fewer active enzymes than a familiar administration context d) Opioids and benzodiazepines bind to the same enzymes, and coadministration leads to slower metabolism of both drugs. 2) Mary is a non-smoker, and is prescribed monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors to treat a mood disorder. The first time she tries a cigarette, how is her experience likely to differ from the standard experience of first-time smokers? a) She will have an increased heard rate and sweat more b) She will feel much worse during the experience and be less likely to smoke again c) She will feel less aversion to the experience and be more likely to smoke again d) She will have a slightly…
- A patient is receiving instructions regarding -arfarin therapy and asks the nurse about -hat medications she can take for headaches. The nurse -ill tell her to avoid -hich type of medication? a )Opioidsb )acetaminophen (Tylenol)c )NSAIDsd )There are no restrictions -hile taking -arfarinA patient presents to the emergency department with a suspected overdose of opioids. The nurse administers naloxone intravenously to: a) Reverse the respiratory depression caused by opioids b) Reduce anxiety and agitation c) Lower blood pressure d) Increase sedation and pain reliefA patient with bipolar disorder is prescribed lithium carbonate. The nurse monitors the patient for signs of lithium toxicity, which include: a) Hypotension and bradycardia b) Hyperactivity and restlessnes c) Diarrhea and abdominal cramps d) Tremors, confusion, and excessive thirst
- Please answer the following questions 1) Vd of a drug will be high when it is distributed in the following tissues except-a) Adipose tissueb) Brain and spinal cordc) Skeletal muscle tissued) Visceral fate) Mesentery tissuef) fats covering kidney and spleen 2) In a 2-comp. open model system the rate of drug disposition between compartents follow-a) zero orderb) 1-orderc) 2-rderd) 3-ordere) mixed orderf) none of the above 3) The likely molecular wt. of a drug for oral absorption is-a) no more than 400b) no more than 350c) no more than 550d) no more than 700e) no more than 650f) no more than 500Which of the following is a contraindication to anticoagulant use? A) Recent injury B) Diabetes C) Asthma D) Dizziness Which of the following is an antiplatelet medication? A) Diltiazem B) Labetalol C) Procainamide D) Aspirin A commonly shared action of all antiarrhythmics is that they _____________________. A) Inhibit calcium absorption B) Cause vasoconstriction C) Slow the heart rate D) Prevent bradycardia Which of the following medications is an ACE inhibitor? A) Aspirin B) Labetalol C) Lisinopril D) Simvastatin A Class II antiarrhythmic blocks ____________ channels. A) Potassium B) Beta C) Sodium D) Calcium A potential complication with the administration of a diuretic is ______________________. A) Hypothermia B) Hypernatremia C) Hypokalemia D) HypoglycemiaA patient has a new prescription for an ACE inhibitor. During a review of the patient’s list of current medications, which would cause concern for a possible interaction with this new prescription? (Select all that apply.)a) A benzodiazepine taken as needed for, allergiesb) A potassium supplement taken dailyc) An oral anticoagulant taken dailyd) An opioid used for occasional severe paine) An NSAID taken as needed for headaches
- The physiologic changes that normally occur in older adult patients have which implication for drug * ?response a) Drug elimination is faster. O b) Drug metabolism is quicker. O c) Drug half-life is shortened. d) Protein binding is inefficient. e) All the aboveO"An obese man was prescibed the lipophilic drug phenobarbital for treatment of seizures. He noticed that it took time before his seisures stopped. What pharmacokinetic parameter increased? How did this affect the time till steady state? B) The patient is noncompliant. A) Clearance; shorter time till steady state ☐ ▪ B) half-life; longer time till steady state. C) half-life; shorter time till steady state. ▪ True or False: hepatic enzyme activity is dependent on age. Therefore, concentration of drugs with High EH are affected A)T B)F Match the drug type with the condition that affects clearance of the drug: A) Low EH drug B) High EH drug 1) Heart failure 2) Liver diseaseWhat is the recommended initial treatment for a patient with suspected opioid overdose in the emergency department? A) Naloxone B) Flumazenil C) Atropine D) Diazepam