Consider an analyte solution of 50.0mL of 0.050M hydrochloric acid, HCl, titrated against 0.10 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH (the titration you will be performing in the lab!). (a) What is the chemical equation representing the titration reaction? (b) At the start of the titration, before any NaOH is added, what ions or molecules are present in the solution? You only need to list chemical species that are present in appreciable quantities - anything that is considered a small enough concentration to where you’d make a small-change approximation on an ICE table doesn’t need to be included. (c) Which of species you identified in part (b) will determine the pH of the solution?
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Consider an analyte solution of 50.0mL of 0.050M hydrochloric acid, HCl, titrated against
0.10 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH (the titration you will be performing in the lab!).
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(a) What is the chemical equation representing the titration reaction?
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(b) At the start of the titration, before any NaOH is added, what ions or molecules are present in the solution? You only need to list chemical species that are present in appreciable quantities - anything that is considered a small enough concentration to where you’d make a small-change approximation on an ICE table doesn’t need to be included.
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(c) Which of species you identified in part (b) will determine the pH of the solution?
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(d) After adding 12.50mL of the NaOH, halfway to the equivalence point, what ions or molecules are present in the solution?
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(e) At the equivalence point, after adding 25.00mL of NaOH, what ions or molecules are present in the solution?
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(f) Which of the species you identified in part (e) will determine the pH of the solution?
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(g) After adding 37.50mL of the NaOH, 50% past the equivalence point, what ions or molecules are present in the solution?
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(h) Which of the species you identified in part (g) will determine the pH of the solution?
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