In the complete absence of light, a rod will become strongly depolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly depolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters None of these

In the complete absence of light, a rod will become strongly depolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly depolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters None of these

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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In the dark, photoreceptors ar and ON bipolar cells are spiking releasing GABA hyperpolarized releasing acetylcholine depolarized
The conduction velocity in nerves is primarily dependent on the O localization of the Na+ / K+ pumps intensity and duration of the stimulus myelination and fiber diameter O fiber length and myelination O fiber length and fiber diameter
Which of the following structures has activity like acetylcholine? HyC H-C HC NMeg NMey D]
The "All or None" response means that: A stimulus causes depolarization and repolarization regardless of the strength of the stimulus There is no threshold for an electrical stimulus signal to reach before depolarization and repolarization O Potassium channels open for depolarization and sodium channels open for repolarization A stimulus has to be strong enough for depolarization to occur followed by repolarization
Excitatory neurons A and B both synapse with neuron C. Neuron A releasesa neurotransmitter, and neuron B releases the same type and amount ofneurotransmitter plus a neuromodulator that produces EPSPs in neuron C.Action potentials produced in neuron A alone can result in action potentialproduction in neuron C. Action potentials produced in neuron B alone alsocan cause action potential production in neuron C. Which results in moreaction potentials in neuron C, stimulation by only neuron A or stimulationby only neuron B? Explain.
A muscle cell contains acetylcholine receptors that act as ligand-gated cation channels,and it also contains voltage-gated Na+ channels of the type found in neurons. Intheory, could a muscle cell get away with having only acetylcholine-gated cationchannels, which would serve the dual purpose of receiving neurotransmitter signalsand propagating action potentials? Why or why not?
Photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye convert visible light into signals. They have special ion channels that are open to Na+ only in the dark. Visible light activation results in a change in membrane potential, as photons lead to closure of Na+ channels. Which of the following can you conclude? Select all that apply. Photoreceptor membrane potential does not change in response to light The photoreceptor cell is depolarized in the dark The photoreceptor cells is depolarized with light Photoreceptor cells hyperpolarize to light
The central ends of afferents from muscle spindles synapse with all the following types of neurons, except :-a- α-motor neurons of the same muscleb- γ-motor neurons of the same musclec- local interneuronsd- 2nd order neurons of ascending sensory pathways
Once an EPSP is produced in a dendrite, how does it stimulate the production of an action potential atthe axon hillock? What might prevent an EPSP from stimulating action potentials? How can anEPSP’s ability to stimulate action potentials be enhanced?
The giant axon of the squid (Figure Q11–3) occu-pies a unique position in the history of our understandingof cell membrane potentials and nerve action. When anelectrode is stuck into an intact giant axon, the membranepotential registers –70 mV. When the axon, suspended in abath of seawater, is stimulated to conduct a nerve impulse,the membrane potential changes transiently from –70 mVto +40 mV.
The rattlesnake alerts enemies to its presence with a rattle—aset of modified scales at the tip of its tail. Describe the distinctroles of gated ion channels in initiating and moving a signalalong the nerve from the snake’s head to its tail and then fromthat nerve to the muscle that shakes the rattle
Which of the following structures has activity like acetylcholine? Et H3C Me H3C NMeg H.C NMes