Toll-like receptors are proteins on _________ .a. phagocytes that recognize foreign moleculesb. viruses that stimulate immune reactionsc. skin cells that provide barriers to infectiond. lymphocytes that damage parasitic worms

Q: Which of the following doesn't occur in the inflammatory response? O A. Decreased vascular…

A: When healthy tissues are wounded by physical/chemical stimuli or are invaded by bacteria, viruses,…

Q: Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. activation of memory cells: secondary immune…

A: Explanation given for the mismatch pair.

Q: The humoral immune response depends on which cells? a. TC cells b. B cells c. B and TH cells d. TC…

A: BASIC INFORMATION  IMMUNE SYSTEM  It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…

Q: The first cell type active in the innate response is usually a(n)       A) phagocyte.…

A: The innate immune system is the first line of defence in the body.

Q: Humoral immunity is the part of the adaptive immune system involving: A.cytotoxic T cells killing…

A: The adaptive immune system is also known as acquired or specific immune system. It is a subset of…

Q: To become a fully activated, antibody-secreting cell, B cellsusually need:(a) To encounter an…

A: Differentiation of B cells is important for the completion of the adaptive immune response. It is…

Q: Antibody production takes place ina. T cells.b. natural killer cells.c. B cells.d. mast cells.

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: The immune system can identify foreign cells in the bloodstream because these foreign cellsa. are…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…

Q: Given what you now know about how foreign invaders trigger immune responses, explain why mutated…

A: Humans have a well-developed mechanism to fight the foreign particles entering our bodies. This…

Q: Why is clonal expansion so important?a. to select for specific cellsb. to secrete cytokinesc. to…

A: Answer is d.)  to increase the numbers of specific cells.

Q: Vaccination increases the number of(A) different receptors that recognize a pathogen.(B) lymphocytes…

A: Vaccination is the process of inoculating an individual with attenuated antigen, which can elicit an…

Q: When a body’s immune system attacks the body’s own cells, this is calleda. an inflammatory…

A: Answer is c. ) an autoimmune response.

Q: Which of the following is a function of cytokines? A. Promote antibody invaders. B. Help T cells…

A: Cytokines : These are small proteins which are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of…

Q: An antigen-presenting cell (APC)a. presents antigens to T cells.b. secretes antibodies.c. marks each…

A: Helper T-cells activate B-cells in order to generate antibodies and aid the production of killer…

Q: Natural killer cellsa. are known for attacking large parasites, such as tapeworms.b. engulf…

A: Natural Killer cells also called large granular lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. It is a…

Q: An allergic reaction is an example of:

A: An allergic reaction is an example of:

Q: When the body is exposed to the same virus a second time, the immune response is Accompanied by…

A: Any foreign substances or pathogen can be harmful to an organism. Hence, the organism will develop…

Q: Which is/are not part of innate immunity?a. phagocytic cells e. inflammationb. fever f. cytokinesc.…

A: The immune system covers the complex biological reactions that protect the body against invading…

Q: __________________ is a condition that results when cytotoxic T cells attack the body’s own cells.a.…

A: Cytotoxic T cells are T cell also known cytotoxic T lymphocytes that kills  virus-infected cells,…

Q: Neutrophils are best described as: (a) Phagocytic, have bilobed nucleus and are small (2-5 microns)…

A: Introduction: Phagocytes are white blood cells that assist begin an immune response and safeguard…

Q: Which innate immune system component uses MHC I molecules directly in its defense strategy? a.…

A: The immune system consists of the adaptive and innate immune responses. Innate immunity is present…

Q: An individual B cella. produces antibodies with sites that can bind manydifferent antigens.b.…

A: Antibodies: also called as agglutinogen. These are special chemicals found in the blood which act…

Q: HIV causes immunodeficiency by attackinga. memory B cells. c. plasma cells.b. helper T cells. d.…

A: HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Viruses are types of Lentivirus that infect Humans. Here we will see…

Q: What is the function of the blood-thymus barrier?a. It protects maturing T-lymphocytes from antigens…

A: The blood thymus barrier found in the cortex part of the thymus.

Q: Antibodiesa. prevent antigens from binding together.b. promote phagocytosis.c. inhibit…

A: Answer: Introduction: Antibody is also known as immunoglobulin, a protein formed by the immune…

Q: B lymphocytes holding knowledge of an infectious agent for future responses are called: a) helper…

A: Immune system acts as a defense system in our body by protecting from effects of pathogens and also…

Q: Which of the following is not a goal of the inflammatory reaction?a. bring more oxygen to damaged…

A: Inflammatory reaction:                 When tissues were injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat,…

Q: Cytokines (a) are regulatory Toll-like receptors (b) prevent the inflammatory response (c) include…

A: Cytokines are a group of proteins released by specialized immune cells. These proteins work as a…

Q: Which of the following is most directly responsible for the increasein capillary permeability during…

A: The branch of science which deals with the components of human system is known as immunology.…

Q: The blood cells that protect against worm parasites area. eosinophils. c. neutrophils. e.…

A: White blood cell has five types. Against a particular set of the aggressor, each of the type…

Q: What types of cells could be involved in specific immune reactionsagainst the rabies virus?a. T…

A: Viruses are microscopic parasites, typically much smaller than bacteria. They lack the ability to…

Q: Protein receptors found on macrophages that recognize foreign antigens a. toll-like receptors…

A: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that takes part in protecting the body against foreign…

Q: Which is not applicable to innate immunity? A) O It is faster than adaptive immunity in responding…

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: Inflammatory cytokines a. act as opsonins. Ob. are produced only by phagocytic cells. c. facilitate…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: A heart attack is a type of organ dysfunction. Is heart attack a type of sepsis? A. No, because a…

A: Sepsis - It is defined as the response to infection. Any infection can cause sepsis if it is not…

Q: 3)  Name each of these cells.

A: B lymphocytes - They provide antibody-mediated immunity. Antibodies kill pathogen through…

Q: Part 2. Identify each immune response as either humoral (H) or cellular (C). А. release of histamine…

A: The immune response is the body's way of recognising and defending itself against bacteria, viruses,…

Q: The largest and most effective of the phagocytes are:  a. red blood cells b. lymph nodes c.…

A: Question- The largest and most effective of the phagocytes are:  a. red blood cells b. lymph nodes…

Q: The inmune system has both specific and nonspecific immune responses against pathogens. Which…

A: Immune system is the complex group of defense responses found in humans and other advanced…

Q: Suppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections…

A: The B-lymphocytes or the B-cell and the the T-lymphocytes are t-cells are very important for the the…

Q: _____________-is an example of an inflammatory mediator that stimulateschemotaxis.a. Endotoxin b.…

A: If there is an injury in the cell in response to specific chemical responses the white blood cells…

Q: The cytolytic action of the complement system is most similar to the action ofa. interleukin-1.b.…

A: Complement system- It is a cascade system, plays a role in immune system by enhancing the antibodies…

Q: When a lymphocyte is responsive to an antigen O it will undergo clonal expansion O it will undergo…

A: Introduction In the immune system of jawed vertebrates, a lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell.…

Q: The role of the humoral immune response is to a. kill infected cells b. fight pathogens found in…

A: The Humoral immune response is the response generated by the immune system against foreign pathogens…

Q: Which part of the immune system does not target specific new variants of the COVID 19 invaders? A)…

A: It can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate…

Q: Select best one. Which of these cell types aids the activation of T lymphocytes by antigens? a.…

A: We know that, Adaptive immunity is further classified as humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Humoral…