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Which CK isoenzyme is elevated in muscle disease?
CK-BB, CK-MB, CK-MM, CK-NN?
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- During intensive muscle work there is a large amount of ammonia produced in the muscles. What amino acid plays the main role in the transportation of ammonia to the liver and participates in gluconeogenesis reactions? A) Ornithine B) Alanine C) Arginine D) Aspartate E) LysineWhat is tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) ? How does it play an important role ?Choose which enzyme is likely deficient based on the symptoms described below: Elevated blood lactate, alanine and pyruvate a) lactate dehydrogenase d) citrate synthase c) pyruvate dehydrogenase d) pyruvate kinase
- Which of the following is not associated with Perilipin? A) when phosphorylated, it re-structures fat droplets for easy degradation of triacylglycerols B) is a fat droplet-associated protein C) is phosphorylated when glucagon and epinephrine levels are high D) when phosphorylated, it helps to degrade the coactivator of ATGL Next Page Page 4 of 125What glycolytic enzyme appears to be impaired?A)Carrier of the activated amino acids to the ribosomes for incorporation into the growing peptide chain. B)Molecule that attaches to myosin and actin during muscle contraction. C)The reduced cofactor important in the TCA cycle and used in the last part of respiration. Please identify the terms.
- An athlete is aiming to optimize their protein intake for muscle repair and growth. Which of the following dietary modifications could potentially enhance the utilization of dietary protein for muscle protein synthesis?A) Consuming protein exclusively from plant-based sources like lentils and beans.B) Spreading protein intake evenly throughout the day, including after exercise.C) Increasing protein intake to more than 3 grams per kilogram of body weight daily.D) Exclusively consuming protein shakes immediately post-workout.Glucagon increases hepatic gluconeogenesis by decreasing the cytosolic concentration of which of the following?A) AMPB) Calcium C) cAMPD) cGMPE) Fructose 2,6-bisphosphateB) Read the situations below and indicate which of the four methods of enzyme regulation is occurring for each. a) The energy-carrying molecule ATP is made by the enzyme ATP synthase. Muscle cells use a lot of energy and also have higher amounts of the ATP synthase enzyme than many ouier cem types. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: /1 b) Prostaglandins are messenger molecules involved in the inflammatory response, as well as th perception of pain. They are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acid substrates by an enzyn called cyclo-oxygenase. "Ibuprofen" is the active ingredient in a variety of anti-inflammatory medications such as Motrin® and Advil®. It reduces pain and swelling by binding to a hydrophobic channel in the active site of cyclo-oxygenase, blocking the polyunsaturated fatty acids from binding to the enzyme, and therefore stopping production of prostaglandins. General mechanism of enzyme regulation: a) In point form, describe the steps by which ATP is produced…
- On the right is a diagram of plasma concentration of three metabolites: glucose, B- hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acid of an experimental animal over weeks of starvation. 4. (a) Label the lines with the names of the three metabolites. Yellow: Red: 10 20 30 40 Blue: Days of starvation (b) What factor in the plasma binds to and transports free fatty acid (c) Where was B-hydroxybutyrate produced? Why it is produced? What are the purposes of producing it (d) How B-hydroxybutyrate is used as fuel in extrahepatic cells? Write down the reactions, enzymes, and cofactors (No need to elaborate on the TCA cycle). (e) How many ATP molecules or equivalent are generated after complete oxidation of one molecule of B-hydroxybutyrate? Show your calculations. Hint: You need to consider ATP consumption for bypassed steps that may normally yield or consume AT Plasma concentration (mM)Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been linked to a sugary diet. Explain?Which amino acids are hydroxylated in collagen formation? options: proline, hydroxypoline, glutamate proline, hyrdoxyproline, tyrosine proline, hyrdoxyproline, glycine proline, hyrdoxyproline, tryptophan