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- Which of the following ground cover conditions contributes to the highest loss of topsoil and moisture? grasslands Otilled soil woodlands grain cropsWhat is the formula to calculate basal area? What is the formula for forest volume growth? SurviaIn which forest biome does the canopy permit low light penetration, and as a result, understory is limited.
- Tropical rain forests are known for their high primary productivity. Which set of conditions allows this to be true? Low moisture, high temperature, intense solar radiation High moisture, high temperature, intense solar radiation High moisture, moderate temperature, weak solar radiation Moderate moisture, moderate temperature, moderate solar radiationFor each 1°C increase in temperature, plants need 2 mm additional precipitation to maintain a healthy water balance; i.e. PET = 2 ×T (°C). For an ecosystem with a mean monthly temperature of 30°C, receiving 40 mm/ month precipitation, which of the following statements is most likely true? There is a water surplus and AET = PET. There is a water surplus and AET < PET. O There is a water deficit and AET = PET. O There is a water deficit and AET < PET. 17 12Tree Rings and Droughts El Malpais National Monument, in west central New Mexico, has pockets of vegetation that have been surrounded by lava fields for about 3,000 years, so they have escaped wildfires, grazing animals, agricultural activity, and logging. Henri Grissino-Mayer generated a 2,129-year annual precipitation record using tree ring data from living and dead trees in this park (FIGURE 27.23). FIGURE 27.23 A 2.129-year annual precipitation record inferred from com pled tree ring data in El Malpais National Monument Now Mexico. Data ware averaged over 10-yeer intervals; graph correlates with other indicators of rainfall collected in all parts of North America. PDSI, Palmer Drought Severity Index: O, normal rainfall increasing numbers mean increasing excess of rainfall decreasing numbers mean increasing severity of drought A severe drought contributed to a series of catastrophic dust stem's that turned the rid western United States into a oust bow between 1933 and 1939. 2. One of the worst population catastrophes ever recorded occurred in Mesoamerica between 1519 and 1600 a. d., when around 22 million people native to the region died. Which period between 137 B.C. and 1992 had the most severe drought? How long did that drought last?
- Tree Rings and Droughts El Malpais National Monument, in west central New Mexico, has pockets of vegetation that have been surrounded by lava fields for about 3,000 years, so they have escaped wildfires, grazing animals, agricultural activity, and logging. Henri Grissino-Mayer generated a 2,129-year annual precipitation record using tree ring data from living and dead trees in this park (FIGURE 27.23). FIGURE 27.23 A 2.129-year annual precipitation record inferred from com pled tree ring data in El Malpais National Monument Now Mexico. Data ware averaged over 10-yeer intervals; graph correlates with other indicators of rainfall collected in all parts of North America. PDSI, Palmer Drought Severity Index: O, normal rainfall increasing numbers mean increasing excess of rainfall decreasing numbers mean increasing severity of drought A severe drought contributed to a series of catastrophic dust stem's that turned the rid western United States into a oust bow between 1933 and 1939. 1. Around 770 A. D., the Mayan civilization began to suffer a massive population loss, particularly in the southern lowlands of Mesoamerica. The El Malpais tree ring data show a drought during that time. Was it more or less severe than the dust bowl drought?relative solar energy The graph indicates relative solar energy midday at two different locations on the planet throughout one year. Which statement accurately describes the differences in gross primary productivity between locations A and B?* A. B. month In December, GPP is greater for location B. In October, GPP is greater in location B than in Location A GPP is the same for locations A and B throughout the entire year. OIn March, GPP for location A is greater than the GPP for location B. In an aquatic ecosystem, 20.000 kcal /m²/ year was absorbed by producers through the process of photosynthesis. If the NPP was 8.000 kcal /m2/year, how much energy was lost to respiration? 28.000 kcal/m/veaWhat is the monthly NPP during the growing season for each forest type? Annual Net primary production for boreal forest is 8, temperate forest 13, tropical is 20. Growing seasons in order are 3 mon, 6 mon and 12 months.
- solar energy Which two factors cause the variation seen in primary productivity among the three biomes in the diagram? NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY Tropical rainforest Temperate forest taiga Average Net Primary Productivity (kcal/m²/yr) cloud cover and precipitation O longitude and sunlight O precipitation and temperature O temperature and longitude The graph indicates relative solar energy midday at two different locations on the planet throughout one year. Which statement accurately describes the differences in gross primary productivity between locations A and B? A. 10productivity in above-ground biomass increment is greater in the estuarine stand than the island fringing stand productivity in litterfall is greater in the estuarine stand than the island fringing stand O productivity can be measured in part by measuring carbon in litterfall O productivity can be measured in part by measuring carbon in above-ground biomass increment subtracting above-ground biomass increment from litterfall provides the total productivity for a mangrove standsupport or refute the following statements based on what you learned about energy flow, biogeochemical cycling, decomposition, trophic levels, and keystone species. You may add a diagram or illustration to support your answer. Planting mangroves is better than putting dolomite sand on the coast of the polluted Manila Bay.