In one stage of an annealing process, 304 stainless steelsheet is taken from 300 K to 1250 K as it passes through an electrically healed oven at a speedof
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
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- 2.) One thousand kilograms of dressed chicken enter a chiller at 10°C are frozen and chilled to a final temperature of -15 °C for storage in 24 hours. The specific heats are 4.34 kJ/kg-K above and 3.32 kJ/kg-K below freezing, respectively. The latent heat is 220 kJ/kg and the freezing temperature is - 2.8°C (Compute the product load in kW.arrow_forwardA 1.5m diameter spherical balloon containing air at (K + 10) kPa is cooled such that the volume is reducedby 25%. For the process, the pressure is proportional to the square of the sphere’s diameter. What is the workdone by the surrounding? NOTE: is K=821 asaparrow_forwardThe width of a gas turbine rotor shown in the diagram below, varies linearly from the centre. Xc=160 mm to the outer periphery, X=60mm. The temperatures measured at radial locations of 90 mm and 450mm are measured to be 330° C and 645° C respectively. The rotor material thermal conductivity is given as 0.345W/m° C. Determine the radial heat flow rate through the runner assuming steady state. Also find out the percentage change of heat flow rate that would occur if the rotor is having uniform thickness of 60mm. Blade 60 mm R= 550 mm 160 mm Bladearrow_forward
- 1. A copper rod is 0.50 m long and has a cross-sectional area of 4.0×10-4m². One end of the rod is kept at 30 °C, while the other end is at 75 °C. The sides of the rod are insulated so that heat losses through the sides are negligible. (a) Find how much heat flows through the rod per second. (b) What is the temperature at 0.30m from the higher-temperature end of the rod? The thermal conductivity of copper is 390'lsm °C:arrow_forwardIn a gas manufacturing plants, they presented a horizontal tube in which a gas assumed to be ideal is flowing steadily. It was identified that no heat and work interaction was done. Also, there is a significant changes in the pipe diameter as well as velocity. If in case we select N2 as the flowing gas at 761.67 R at a velocity of 5.6 m/h, Calculate the temperature where the velocity us 180 km/h? Assume cp=7/2 R.arrow_forward2- A 15 m long, 75 mm diameter riser tube receives saturated water at 160 bar and at a velocity of 0.7 m/s. Heat is added to it uniformly. The slip ratio is 1.7. Estimate the maximum heat added to the tube in kJ/m if the exit void fraction is not to exceed 0.80.arrow_forward
- Water at 10C temperature flowing from a pipe with a diameter of 100mm at a speed of 2m / s, air from a pressure of 2 ATM at 180F flowing at a speed of 50 ft / s from a pipe with a diameter of 2 in, and an oil with a specific gravity of 0.78 and a diameter of 20 cp at a speed of 5 ft / s through a 2in pipe. Shows the flow state of the biopolymer melt flowing through the pipeline at a speed of 0.2 m/s, with a density of 900 kg/m3 and a density of 1 Pa-sarrow_forwardPresents the diagram of the problem, necessary formulas, clearance and numerical solution: The temperature of a silver bar increases by 10°C when it absorbs 1.23 kJ of heat. The mass of the bar is 525 g. Determine the specific heat of the bar.arrow_forward6 In a boiler test, the following observations wcre made: 358 A Text Book of Thermal Engineering Feed water temperaturç e= 12" C; Pressure of steam = 11 bar; Dryness fraction of steam 095 Mass of coal burnt 300 kg/h, Calorific value of coal 32 000 kJkg of coal; Mass of water supplied to boiler in 7 hrs 14 min= 14 625 kg. The mass of w ster in the boiler at the end of the test was less than that at the commencement by 900kg. Calculate I. Actual evaporation per kg of coal: 2 Equivalent evaporation from and at 100 C per kg [Ans. 7 15 kg, 8 33 kg: 58.75 % of coal ; and 3. Thermal efficiency of the boilerarrow_forward
- Example 4.13. A thermocouple junction is in the form of 8 mm diameter sphere. Properties of material are: 40 W/M2°C. = 8000 kg/m³; k = 40 W/m°C and h This junction is initially at 40°C and inserted in a stream of hot air at 300°C. Find: %3D 420 J/kg°C; p C = (i) Time constant of the thermocouple; (ii) The thermocouple is taken out from the hot air after 10 seconds and kept in still air at 30°C. Assuming the heat transfer coefficient in air 10 W/M²°C, find the temperature attained by the junction 20 seconds after removing from hot air. (P.U.)arrow_forwardA chromel–constantan thermocouple measuring the temperature of a fluid is connected by mistake with copper–constantan extension leads (such that the two constantan wires are connected together and the copper extension lead wire is connected to the chromel thermocouple wire). If the fluid temperature was actually 250 C and the junction between the thermocouple and extension leads was at 90 C, what e.m.f. would be measured at the open ends of the extension leads if the reference junction is maintained at 0 C? What fluid temperature would be deduced from this (assuming that the connection error was not known)?arrow_forwardA thermal engine uses up 200 J of heat energy per cycle, while its mechanicalwork output per cycle is 40 J. (a) What is this engine’s thermal efficiency? (b) If thisengine is utilized to lift a 100 kg mass to a height of 20 m, through how many cycles doesthe engine have to be run to perform the lift (the answer may not be an integer)? (Hint: tolift a weight to a height, mechanical work must be performed against gravity.) (c)Consider now an ideal thermal engine operating between a hot reservoir and a coldreservoir. Find the temperature (in 0 C) that would be required for the hot reservoir inorder to achieve the same efficiency as the engine in part (a) if the cold reservoir is atroom temperature (25 0 C).arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning