Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 20CTQ
A student who missed this class needs to know how to predict the bond angles and shape of amolecule from looking at its bond-line representation. Write a concise but complete explanationfor this student.
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING
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Answer the questions in the table below about the shape of the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecule.
How many electron groups are around the central carbon atom?
Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond,
one double bond, or one triple bond.
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groups around the central carbon atom?
(You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.)
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The molecular structure of hinokitiol is represented below (See attached image)
Draw a complete Lewis structure of the molecule and answer the following questions.
Complete the structure by adding ONLY hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms where needed. You must not create any other bonds. Atoms such as oxygen or nitrogen may have lone pairs to complete their octets.
Each of the non-hydrogen atoms of this skeletal structure has been randomly numbered.
Match the atom number with the orbital hybridization invoked for sigma bonding.
Match these to the below (A)) (Options: sp3, sp2, sp, s, p, d2sp3, dsp3)
A) 12, 9, 7, 2, 4
B) How many pairs of non-bonding electrons are there in the molecule?
C) How many CH3 (methyl) groups are there in the molecule?
D) How many CH2 (methylene) groups are there in the molecule? (i.e. # of C-atoms having exactly two bonded H-atoms)
E) How many CH (methyne) groups are there in the molecule? (i.e. # of C-atoms having exactly one bonded H-atom)
F) How many…
A model for NH3 is shown in the chem3D window. NH3 has trigonal pyramidal geometry.
ball & stick v-+| labels
Rotate the molecule until you have a feeling for its three-dimensional shape. How many atoms are bonded to the central atom?
If you consider only the three outer atoms, what shape do they define?|
Consider the bond angles at the central atom. Do they all have approximately the same numerical value?
What is the approximate numerical value of this angle?
degrees.
Does the central atom lie in the plane defined by the three other atoms?
Are all three positions about the central atom equivalent, or is one of them different from the other two.
For practice, type in the name of the geometry of the molecule:
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Ch. 1 - (E) What does the number (+Z) at the center of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 1 - You hear a student from a nearby group say that...Ch. 1 - Use VSEPR to explain why the HBH bond angle of BH3...Ch. 1 - Both the HCH and HCO bond angles of H2CO...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 11CTQCh. 1 - Consider the following flat drawing of methane...Ch. 1 - Use VSEPR to assign a value of (close to) 109.5,...Ch. 1 - A student draws the picture of ammonia (NH3) in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 15CTQCh. 1 - How many central atoms does the molecule H2NCH3...Ch. 1 - Indicate the bond angle and shape about each...Ch. 1 - Explain how there can be two kinds of bent:...Ch. 1 - A student makes the following statement: “The...Ch. 1 - A student who missed this class needs to know how...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1ECh. 1 - Prob. 2ECh. 1 - Consider the incomplete valence shell...Ch. 1 - How many valence electrons does a neutral a. K...Ch. 1 - Consider the molecules AlCl3 (aluminum chloride)...Ch. 1 - Draw an example of a bent molecule with a bond...Ch. 1 - Label each atom marked with an arrow with the...Ch. 1 - a model of each of the following molecules: a....
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A student draws the picture of ammonia (NH3) in the box below, left, and predicts it will be a flatmolecule with HNH bond angles of exactly 120°. Unfortunately, the student left something out. a. What did the student omit from his drawing? b. What is the actual HNH bond angle of ammonia (based on the draw g above, right)? c. Explain why water, ammonia, and methane (shown below) all have about the same bondangles (close to 109.5°) even though they have different numbers of bonds.arrow_forwardA student who missed this class needs to know how to predict the bond angles and shape of a molecule from looking at its line representation. Write a concise but complete explanation for this student.arrow_forward) Bean hexene is an odor compound used in cosmetics and cleaners. It is also known as leguminal. Its formula is: CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH2OCHCH2CH3 | OCH3 Please draw a Lewis structure for this compound with CORRECT GEOMETRY (use dashes and wedges!) Label all pi bonds in the molecule (if there are any) Indicate the bond angles for the red highlighted section of the molecule. (hint: you may want to keep the main carbon chain in-plane with the page for clarity) For this question, you don’t need to draw out the orbitals.arrow_forward
- Please fill in the blank ! In part B, the difference is that the molecules have more than one atom with two or more attached neighbors. As molecules become larger and more complex, VSEPR theory does not attempt to create names for the overall geometries that result. Instead, we continue to consider the geometry about one central atom at a time. By giving the arrangement about each such atom in the larger structure, we can generate enough information to develop an overall picture. Thus, in your report for part B, you should determine which atoms have more than one bound neighbor, then repeat the procedure for part A. When deciding whether the molecules in part B are polar or nonpolar, focus on the molecule as a whole, not the geometry about a single atom. If the molecule is polar, draw a dipole arrow on your sketch indicating polarity.arrow_forwardQuestion Provide each unique Lewis structure for the HONO molecule that maintains the H-O-NO connectivity and where all atoms have an octet (hydrogen a duet). Your structures should explicitly show ALL bonds, all lone pairs, and all formal charges. Which Lewis structure contributes more to the real hybrid structure of HONO? What is the relationship between these Lewis structures and what type of arrow is used to show their relationship? This question is confusing to me. Please explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is the name of this type of molecular structure?? I need help answering this question because I don’t know what format it’s calledarrow_forward
- Both individual bonds and whole molecules can be polar or non-polar. First, (i) explain what causes a bond (not a molecule) to be polar. Then, (ii) explain how a molecule can itself be non-polar even if it contains polar bonds. Finally, for each molecule in problem 2 above, (iii) state whether the molecule is polar or non-polar.arrow_forwardGo to this website and click on real molecules: https :// phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecule-shapes_ Very helpful website. Use it frequently to become familiar with VSEPR. [ Select ] v Water has what molecule geometry? [ Select ] v Carbon dioxide has what electronic (electron) geometry? [ Select ] v Ammonia has what molecule geometry? [ Select ] Methane has what electronic (electron) geometry? Did you notice that if the central atom has a lone pair of electrons the molecule geometry is different from the electron geometry?arrow_forwardDraw a bond-line structure that best matches the molecule below. (White = hydrogen; yellow = fluorine; green = chlorine; red = bromine)arrow_forward
- Consider the molecule of furan. Its Lewis structure is shown. H X Is furan polar? If yes, consider which side of the molecule has partial negative charge and which - partial positive. Then, indicate the direction of the dipole moment relative to the molecule as shown. Non-polar, zero dipole moment. Polar, the dipole vector points along one of the C-O bonds. Polar, the dipole vector points along one of the C-H bonds. Polar, the dipole vector points along the vertical axis. Polar, the dipole vector points along the horizontal axis.arrow_forwardDescribe the difference between a full Lewis structure and bond-line notation. What changes? Why is it easier to write?Dontarrow_forwardNitrogen dioxide is a bent molecule with a 134.3° opening angle and a 119.7 pm bond length between each 119.7 pm- N ando atom. If the molecule is oriented as shown to the right, find the center of mass of the NO2 molecule. (mn=14.0 u, mo=16.0 u). Hint you will need trig to find the position components of one of the oxygen atoms. (Atoms not drawn to scale.) 134.3° Xarrow_forward
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