Chemistry
Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021510
Author: Raymond Chang Dr., Kenneth Goldsby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP

Predict the geometries of the following ions: (a) NH 4 + ,(b) NH 2 , (c) CO 3 2 , (d) ICl 2 , (e) ICl 4 , (f) AlH 4 , (g) SnCl 5 , (h) H3O+, (i) BeF 4 2 .

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry:

It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions. The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonal bipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

To predict: The geometry for the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule (a)

Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP , additional homework tip  1

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 8.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 8 has to be subtracted with 8 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are four bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, the structure does not have any electrons to be placed over the atoms since all the atoms have completed its valance shell.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (a) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type tetrahedral since the central atom Nhas bonded with four hydrogen atoms.

There exist no lone pair on central atom hence the molecular geometry for this molecule is alsotetrahedral.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry:

It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions.  The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonalbipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

To predict: The geometry for the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule (b)

Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP , additional homework tip  2

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 8.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 4 has to be subtracted with 8 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are two bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, the 4 electrons got after subtractions has to be equally distributed such that each atom have completed valence shell.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (b) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type tetrahedral.

Therefore, the molecular geometry for the given molecules is bent due to the presence of two lone pair of electrons with it.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry:

It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions.  The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonalbipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

To predict: The geometry for the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule (c)

Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP , additional homework tip  3

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 24.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 6 has to be subtracted with 24 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are three bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, the 18 electrons got after subtractions has to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell then considering the valency of carbon one C-Ois denoted as C=Owith expense of two valence electrons placed over atoms.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (c) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type trigonal planar since there are 3 oxygen atoms bonded with carbon inCO32-.

There exist no lone pair on central atom hence the molecular geometry for this molecule is also trigonal planar.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry:

It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions.  The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonalbipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

Explanation of Solution

Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule (d)

Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP , additional homework tip  4

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 22 since it has one extra negative charge with it.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 4 has to be subtracted with 22 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are two bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, the 18 electrons got after subtractions has to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (d) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type tetrahedral due to the presence of two lone pairs.

Therefore, the molecular geometry for the given molecule is bent because of the repulsions produced by the two lone pairs present in the central atom.

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry: It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions. The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonalbipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

To predict: The geometry for the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule (e)

Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP , additional homework tip  5

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 36.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 8 has to be subtracted with 36 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are four bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, the 28 electrons got after subtractions has to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (e) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type octahedral since there are four I-Clbonds and two lone pair.

Therefore, the geometry for the molecule is square planar due to the presence of two lone pair of electrons.

(f)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry:

It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions.  The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonalbipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

To predict: The geometry for the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule (f)

Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP , additional homework tip  6

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 8 which include the presence one negative charge with it.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 8 has to be subtracted with 8 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are four bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, there are no electrons to be placed over the atoms.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (f) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type tetrahedral since there are four Al-Hbonds in the molecule.

There exist no lone pair on central atom hence the molecular geometry for this molecule is alsotetrahedral.

(g)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry:

It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions.  The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonalbipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

The geometry for the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule (g)

Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP , additional homework tip  7

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 40 which include the presence one negative charge with it.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 10 has to be subtracted with 40 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are five bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, the 30 electrons got after subtractions has to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (g) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type trigonal bipyramidal since there are five chlorine atoms bonded with the central atom.

There exists no lone pair on central atom hence the molecular geometry for this molecule is also trigonalbipyramidal.

(h)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry:

It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions. The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonalbipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

Explanation of Solution

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 8 which is included with the positive charge present in the given ion.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 6 has to be subtracted with 8 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are three bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, the 2 electrons got after subtractions has to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (h) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type tetrahedral since there are three O-Hbonds and one lone pair of electron.

Therefore, the molecular geometry for the given ion is trigonal pyramidal since there exist one lone pair over O atom which is bonded with three hydrogen atoms.

(i)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of ions the molecular geometry around the central metal should be predicted using VSEPR model.

Concept Introduction:

Molecular geometry:

It is defined as unique three dimensional arrangements of atoms around the central metal present in the molecule which is determined by using spectroscopic techniques and also by using Lewis structure or the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions.  The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

  • The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
  • Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
  • Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type AB2will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type AB3will have shape like trigonal planar, typeAB4will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type AB5will have trigonalbipyramidal and AB6will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

The geometry for the given molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Draw the Lewis structure for the molecule (i)

Chemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 10.12QP , additional homework tip  8

First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons in the molecule is 32 which includes with the two negative charges present in the given ion.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the molecule with the total valence electrons such that 8 has to be subtracted with 32 as each bond contains two electrons with it and there are four bonds in the skeletal structure.

Finally, the 24 electrons got after subtractions has to be equally distributed over the fluorine atoms present in the molecule such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Determine the molecular geometry for the molecule (i) using VSEPR.

The electron domain for the given molecule is obtained by viewing the Lewis structure which is of type tetrahedral since central atom does not contain any lone pair of electron with it.

The molecular geometry for the molecule is also tetrahedralas there isno lone pair of electrons present in the given ion.

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How does it differ...Ch. 10 - Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.27QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.28QPCh. 10 - What is the angle between the following two hybrid...Ch. 10 - How would you distinguish between a sigma bond and...Ch. 10 - Describe the bonding scheme of the AsH3 molecule...Ch. 10 - What is the hybridization state of Si in SiH4 and...Ch. 10 - Describe the change in hybridization (if any) of...Ch. 10 - Consider the reaction BF3+NH3F3BNH3 Describe the...Ch. 10 - What hybrid orbitals are used by nitrogen atoms in...Ch. 10 - What are the hybrid orbitals of the carbon atoms...Ch. 10 - Specify which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.38QPCh. 10 - The allene molecule H2CCCH2 is linear (the three C...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.40QPCh. 10 - How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are there in...Ch. 10 - How many pi bonds and sigma bonds are there in the...Ch. 10 - Give the formula of a cation comprised of iodine...Ch. 10 - Give the formula of an anion comprised of iodine...Ch. 10 - What is molecular orbital theory? How does it...Ch. 10 - Sketch the shapes of the following molecular...Ch. 10 - 10.47 Compare the Lewis theory, valence bond...Ch. 10 - Explain the significance of bond order. Can bond...Ch. 10 - Explain in molecular orbital terms the changes in...Ch. 10 - The formation of H2 from two H atoms is an...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.51QPCh. 10 - Arrange the following species in order of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.53QPCh. 10 - Which of these species has a longer bond, B2 or...Ch. 10 - Acetylene (C2H2) has a tendency to lose two...Ch. 10 - Compare the Lewis and molecular orbital treatments...Ch. 10 - Explain why the bond order of N2 is greater than...Ch. 10 - Compare the relative stability of the following...Ch. 10 - Use molecular orbital theory to compare the...Ch. 10 - A single bond is almost always a sigma bond, and a...Ch. 10 - In 2009 the ion N23 was isolated. Use a molecular...Ch. 10 - The following potential energy curve represents...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.63QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.64QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.65QPCh. 10 - Explain why the symbol on the left is a better...Ch. 10 - Determine which of these molecules has a more...Ch. 10 - Nitryl fluoride (FNO2) is very reactive...Ch. 10 - Describe the bonding in the nitrate ion NO3 in...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.70QPCh. 10 - Which of the following species is not likely to...Ch. 10 - Draw the Lewis structure of mercury(II) bromide....Ch. 10 - Sketch the bond moments and resultant dipole...Ch. 10 - Although both carbon and silicon are in Group 4A,...Ch. 10 - Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol....Ch. 10 - Caffeine is a stimulant drug present in coffee....Ch. 10 - Predict the geometry of sulfur dichloride (SCl2)...Ch. 10 - Antimony pentafluoride, SbF5, reacts with XeF4 and...Ch. 10 - Draw Lewis structures and give the other...Ch. 10 - Predict the bond angles for the following...Ch. 10 - Briefly compare the VSEPR and hybridization...Ch. 10 - Describe the hybridization state of arsenic in...Ch. 10 - Draw Lewis structures and give the other...Ch. 10 - Which of the following molecules and ions are...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.85QPCh. 10 - The N2F2 molecule can exist in either of the...Ch. 10 - Cyclopropane (C3H6) has the shape of a triangle in...Ch. 10 - The compound 1,2-dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2) is...Ch. 10 - Does the following molecule have a dipole moment?...Ch. 10 - So-called greenhouse gases, which contribute to...Ch. 10 - The bond angle of SO2 is very close to 120, even...Ch. 10 - 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine, shown here, commonly...Ch. 10 - The following molecules (AX4Y2) all have...Ch. 10 - The compounds carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.95QPCh. 10 - What are the hybridization states of the C and N...Ch. 10 - Use molecular orbital theory to explain the...Ch. 10 - Referring to the Chemistry in Action essay...Ch. 10 - Which of the molecules (a)(c) are polar?Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.100QPCh. 10 - The stable allotropic form of phosphorus is P4, in...Ch. 10 - Referring to Table 9.4, explain why the bond...Ch. 10 - Use molecular orbital theory to explain the...Ch. 10 - The ionic character of the bond in a diatomic...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.105QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.106QPCh. 10 - Aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) is an...Ch. 10 - The molecules cis-dichloroethylene and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.109QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.110QPCh. 10 - The molecule benzyne (C6H4) is a very reactive...Ch. 10 - Assume that the third-period element phosphorus...Ch. 10 - Consider a N2 molecule in its first excited...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.114QPCh. 10 - Prob. 10.116QPCh. 10 - Draw the Lewis structure of ketene (C2H2O) and...Ch. 10 - TCDD, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, is a...Ch. 10 - Write the electron configuration of the cyanide...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.120QPCh. 10 - The geometries discussed in this chapter all lend...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.122QPCh. 10 - Which of the following ions possess a dipole...Ch. 10 - Given that the order of molecular orbitals for NO...Ch. 10 - Shown here are molecular models of SX4 for X = F,...Ch. 10 - Based on what you have learned from this chapter...Ch. 10 - How many carbon atoms are contained in one square...
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