Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 11, Problem 19QP
Our bodies are not defenseless against mutagens that alter our genomic DNA sequences. What mechanisms are used to repair DNA?
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Which, if any, of the following statements is false?
a) Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of exposure to extracellular mutagens, including radiation sources and chemical mutagens.
b) Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of unavoidable endogenous errors in cellular mechanisms and harmful effects of certain natural molecules and atoms within our cells.
c) Errors in DNA replication and DNA repair are a major source of mutations in our cells.
d) Significant chemical damage is sustained by DNA because of its proximity to water molecules in our cells.
1) A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors. All BUT ONE of the statements below correctly describes or explains genetic mutations.
A) Mutation can disrupt normal cell activity and cause diseases, like cancer.
B) Mutations in parents' cells are then passed down to offspring via reproduction.
C) Our cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it permanent.
D) Mutations can occur as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, toxins and radiation.
How/or which the DNA repair mechanism fixes each mutation?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 11.4 - Consumer products including bandages, cotton...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2EGCh. 11 - Prob. 1CSCh. 11 - Prob. 2CSCh. 11 - Prob. 3CSCh. 11 - Prob. 1QPCh. 11 - Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant form of...Ch. 11 - Why is it almost impossible to directly measure...Ch. 11 - What are the factors that influence the mutation...Ch. 11 - Achondroplasia is a rare dominant autosomal defect...
Ch. 11 - Although it is well known that X-rays cause...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7QPCh. 11 - Bruce Ames and his colleagues have pointed out...Ch. 11 - Define and compare the following types of...Ch. 11 - If the coding region of a gene (the exons)...Ch. 11 - Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12QPCh. 11 - A frameshift mutation is caused by a: a....Ch. 11 - In the gene-coding sequence shown here, which of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15QPCh. 11 - Familial retinoblastoma, a rare autosomal dominant...Ch. 11 - Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive...Ch. 11 - Replication involves a period of time during which...Ch. 11 - Our bodies are not defenseless against mutagens...Ch. 11 - The cystic fibrosis gene encodes a chloride...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Does DNA alterations during DNA replication result in the formation of cancerous cells? And how does it occur? Is it possible to prevent genetic mutations before they emerge in any way? Is there a technology that can detect a change? asaparrow_forwardA large portion of the human genome is transposons. Collectively, they are most likely: A) an equal mix of DNA and retrotransposons B) mostly DNA transposons because they are found in DNA C) mostly retrotransposons because they copy themselves each time they move D) mostly DNA transposons because they can cut themselves outarrow_forwardWhich best describes genetic mutations? A) Genetic mutations that cause diseases are always passed on to offspring. B) Some inherited genetic mutations can be good for the offspring. C) Different genetic mutations cause few forms of cancer. D) Somatic mutations can be inherited from parents or acquired during life.arrow_forward
- Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forwardWhat are the three possible effects on the cell (or organism) when a mutation occurs in DNA? Which ones are most common? Which one is rare?arrow_forwardMutagens, when introduced to the body can always cause cancer. Is this statement true? Select the correct response: No. Mutagens do not necessarily, directly equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. Mutagens can be limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in the genetic make- up of the organism involved. Though some mutagens are considered as carcinogens, not all mutagens can lead to cancer. Yes. The terms can be used interchangeably even in the medical field. Yes. Mutagens does equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. However, mutagens is not only limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in…arrow_forward
- What is the purpose of genetic transformation?arrow_forwardTwo major types of mutations are gene mutation and chromosome mutation. Which mutation is more lethal and why?arrow_forwardChemical mutagens often cause oxidation or deamination of DNA bases. This can lead to cancer by causing: A) Activation of replication. B) Activation of transcription. C) Non Watson-Crick base pairing. OD) Changes to cytochrome P450 enzymes. OE) Activation of translation.arrow_forward
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) is caused by mutations in proteins from one of the DNA repair pathways. Which pathway is it and what are the protein activities occuring in the pathway?arrow_forwardWhy are mutations bad and at the same time good?arrow_forwardWhat is mutagenesis and what does it do ?arrow_forward
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