Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 11, Problem 8P
Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book.
Calculate the Number of Nucleosomes in a Human Diploid Cell Assume that there is one nucleosome for every 200 bp of eukaryotic DNA. How many nucleosomes are there in a diploid human cell? Nucleosomes in be approximated a disks 11 nm in diameter and 6 nm long. If all the DNA molecules in a diploid human cell are in the B-conformation, what is the sum of their lengths? If this DNA is now arrayed on nucleosomes in the beads-on-a-string motif, what would be the approximate total height of the nucleosome column if these disks were stacked atop one another?
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3PCh. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9PCh. 11 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12PCh. 11 - Prob. 13PCh. 11 - Prob. 14PCh. 11 - Answers to all problems are at the end of this...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16PCh. 11 - Prob. 17PCh. 11 - Prob. 18PCh. 11 - Prob. 19PCh. 11 - Prob. 20PCh. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - Prob. 22PCh. 11 - Prob. 23P
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- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Designing Primers for PCR Amplification of a DNA Sequence Given the following short DNA duplex of sequence (53)ATGCCGTAGTCGATCATTACGATAGCATAGCACAGGGATCCA- CATGCACACACATGACATAGGACAGATAGCAT what oligonucleotide primers (17-mers) would be required for PCR amplification of this duplex?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. DNA Supercoiling Parameters A “relaxed,� circular, double-stranded DNA molecule (1600 bp) is in a solution where conditions favor 10 bp per turn. What is the value of L0 for this DNA molecule? Suppose DNA gyrase introduces 12 negative supercoils into this molecule. What are the values of L, W, and T now? What is the superhelical density, ?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Chargaff’s Rules for the Base Composition of DNA Chargaff’s results (Table 10.1) yielded a molar ratio of 1 1.29 for A to G in ox DNA, 1.43 for T to C, 1.04 for A to T, and 1.00 for G to C. Given these values, what are the approximate mole fractions of A. C, G. and T in ox DNA?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Preparing cDNA Libraries from Different Cells Describe an experimental protocol for the preparation of to cDNA libraries, one from anaerobically grown yeast cells and the second from aerobically grown yeast cell.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. An Estimation of Minimal Genome Size for a Living Cell Studies of existing cells to determine the minimum number of genes for a living cell have suggested that 206 genes are sufficient. If the ratio of protein-coding genes to non-protein-coding genes is the same in this minimal organism as the genes of Mycoplasma genitulium, how many proteins are represented in these 206 genes. How many base pairs would be required to form the genome of this minimal organism if the genes are the same size as M genilalium genes? (Section 1.5)arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. B-and Z-DNA Helical Parameters II If 80% of the base pairs in a duplex DNA molecule (12.5 kbp) are in the B-conformation and 20% are in the Z-conformation, what is the length of the molecule?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Deducing DNA Sequence from Sanger Sequencing Results The output of an automated DNA sequence determination by the Sanger dideoxy chain termination method, performed as illustrated in Figure 11.3, is disp1ayed at right. What is the sequence of the original oligonucleotide?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. B- and Z-DNA Supercoiling Parameters Suppose one double helical turn of a superhelical DNA molecule changes conformation from B- to Z-form. What are the changes in L, W, and T? Why do you suppose the transition of DNA from B- to Z-form is favored by negative supercoiling?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Identifying DNA Structural and Functional Elements from Nucleotide Sequence Information Listed below are four DNA sequences. Which one contains a type-II restriction endonuclease (six-cutter) hexanucleotide site?. Which one is likely to form a cruciform structure? Which one is likely to be found in Z-DNA? Which one represents the 5'-end of a tRNA gene? Which one is most likely to be found in a triplex DNA structure? a. CGCGCGCCGCGCACGCGCTCGCGCGCCGC b. GAACGTCGTATTCCCGTACGACGTTC c. CAGGTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTC d. TGGTGCGAATTCTGTGGAT e. ATCGGAATTCATCGarrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. The Sequence Relationship Between an Antisense RNA Strand and Its Template DNA Strand The DNA strand that is complementary to the template strand copied by RNA polymerase during transcription has a nucleotide sequence identical to that of the RNA being synthesized (except T residues are found in the DNA strand at sites where U residues occur in the RNA). An RNA transcribed from this nontem-plate DNA strand would be complementary to the mRNA synthesized by RNA polymerase. Such an RNA is called antisense RNA because its base sequence is complementary to the “sense mRNA. One strategy to thwart the deleterious effects of genes activated in disease slates (such as cancer) is to generate antisense RNAs in affected cells. These antisense RNAs would form double-stranded hybrids with mRNAs transcribed from the activated genes and prevent their translation into protein. Suppose transcription of a cancer-activated gene yielded an mRNA whose sequence included the segment 5’-UACGUCUAAGCUGA. What is the corresponding nucleotide sequence (5’ The template strand in a DNA duplex that might be introduced into these cells so that an untisense RNA could be transcribed from it?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. A Simple Genome and Its Protein-Encoding Capacity The genome of the Mycoplasma genitalium consists of 523 genes, encoding 484 proteins, in just 5S0.U74 base pairs (see Table 1.6). What fraction of the M. genitalium genes encode proteins? What do you think the other genes encode? If the fraction of base pairs devoted to protein-coding genes is the same as the fraction of the total genes that they represent, what is tlie average number of base pairs per protein-coding gene? If it takes three base pairs to specify an amino acid in a protein, how many amino acids are found in the average M. genitalium protein? If each amino acid contributes, on average, 12U daltons to the mass of a protein, what is the mass of an average M. genitalium protein? (Section 1.5)arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Calculating Tms and Separating DNA Molecules That Differ in G:C Content At 0.2 M Na+, the melting temperature of double-stranded DNA is given by the formula, Tm = 69.3 + 0 41 (% G + C). The DNAs from mice and rats have (G + C) contents of 44% and 40%, respectively. Calculate the Tms for these DNAs in 0.2 M NaCl. If samples of these DNAs were inadvertently mixed, how might they be separated from one another?arrow_forward
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