Biology: How Life Works
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319017637
Author: James Morris, Daniel Hartl, Andrew Knoll, Melissa Michael, Robert Lue, Andrew Berry, Andrew Biewener, Brian Farrell, N. Michele Holbrook
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 11.4, Problem 11SAQ
Summary Introduction
Errors during the process of mitosis and meiosis (meiosis I and II) can result in extra or missing chromosomes in cells. These errors occur infrequently and most of them may produce lethal effects. Nondisjunction in meiosis may lead to extra or missing chromosomal DNA.
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If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, how many of the daughter cells will have an incorrect number of chromosomes after meiosis I and meiosis II are complete?
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Consider a diploid cell that has 2 n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3 n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentricchromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.
Consider a diploid cell that has 2 n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3 n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.
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- Figure 13.6 Which of the following statements about nondisjunction is true? Nondisjunction only results in gametes with n+1 or n-1 chromosomes. Nondisjunction occurring during meiosis II results in 50 percent normal gametes. Nondisjunction during meiosis I results in 50 percent normal gametes. Nondisjunction always results in four different kinds of gametes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not true in comparing mitosis and meiosis? a. Twice the number of cells are produced in meiosis as in mitosis. b. Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes, unlike mitosis. c. Crossing over occurs in meiosis I but not in meiosis II or mitosis. d. Meiosis and mitosis both produce cells that are genetically identical. e. In both mitosis and meiosis, the parental cell is diploid.arrow_forwardConstruct a table for the different stages of meiosis, giving the number of chromosomes per cell and the number of DNA molecules per cell for a cell that begins with 4 chromosomes (two homologous pairs) in G1. Include the following stages in your table: G1, S, G2, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I (after cytokinesis), prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II (after cytokinesis).arrow_forward
- Non disjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the gametes. Assume an animal species has a diploid number of 4. Describe and/or show what the normal gametes would be like, and what would result from non disjunction in meiosis one, and what would result from non disjunction in meiosis two. You may use a drawing as part of your answer, but a drawing alone is not sufficient.arrow_forwardList and describe two specific differences between meiosis I and meiosis II.arrow_forwardConstruct a table similar to that in Figure 2.12 for the different stages of meiosis, giving the number of chromosomes per cell and the number of DNA molecules per cell for a cell that begins with 4 chromosomes (two homologous pairs) in G1. Include the following stages in your table: G1, S, G2, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I (after cytokinesis), prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II (after cytokinesis).arrow_forward
- Consider a diploid cell that has 2n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.arrow_forward1)Discusses why Meiosis I is referred to as reduction division and why Meiosis II is essentially like Mitosis. 2)Discusses where problems are likely to occur in Meiosis and what these problems could lead to.arrow_forwardHow would the mutation of a single chromosome in metaphase 1 of meiosis affect the process of meiosis? Use a simple cell with two chromosomes, what is the ratio of gametes with the mutation vs without the mutation?arrow_forward
- Consider a cell in which nondisjunction occurs for all chromosomes during meiosis I. What would be the result of this event? Multiple Choice two diploid gametes two haploid gametes and one aneuploid gamete with an extra set of chromosomes four aneuploid gametes four haploid gametesarrow_forwardUse the diagram below to figure out how each monosomy or trisomy can a) Normal X chromosome segregation b) Nondisjunction in meiosis I c) Nondisjunction in meiosis II Diploid cell at start of meiosis Nondisjunction First meiotic division Second meiotic division Nondisjunction 00 00 00 PEARS N develop. Benjamin XCummixes х х х х XX XX о о XX 1. A color-blind man married a normal woman. Their daughter, who was phenotypically normal, married a normal man and the couple produced three children, a normal boy, a color-blind boy, and a color-blind girl with Turner syndrome. Explain the origin of the color-blind girl with Turner syndrome.arrow_forwardRefer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions. II IV VI Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis? CI II IV 0000arrow_forward
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The Cell Cycle and its Regulation; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqJqhA8HSJ0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Cell Division - Mitosis and Meiosis - GCSE Biology (9-1); Author: Mr Exham Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7vp_uRA8kw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY