Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Electron dot structure for acrylonitrile and polyacrylonitrile and the rearranging of electron in the process of
Concept introduction:
The process that results in a final product of ceramic material from raw material is known as ceramic processing. The ceramic processing starts with fine powder of raw material combined by organic binder. Then it is shaped, compacted and at last sintered at temperature of 1300-2000 °C to decrease the voids between atoms and increase the density.
The strength and fracture toughness of ceramics is increased when fine grains of AL2O3 are reinforced by whiskers of SiC to form hybrid materials such as also known as ceramic composites.
(b)
Interpretation:
The per unit for conversion of acrylonitrile to polyacrylonitrile is to be calculated. Also, whether the reaction is exothermic or the endothermic should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The enthalpy of reaction can be calculated by sum of
The expression to calculate is as follows:
The negative sign in equation indicates that bonds will form in the products. It is an exothermic process, so the energy change is negative of bond energy.
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CHEMISTRY-TEXT
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