Starting Out with Python (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134444321
Author: Tony Gaddis
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 4TF
In the base case, a recursive method calls itself with a smaller version of the original problem.
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When writing a recursive method,
you do not need to know ahead of time exactly how many levels of recursion will occur.
you must keep count of how many recursion call levels you have traversed.
you must make sure the method does not take any input parameters.
1. Let product(n,m) be a recursive method that computes the product of two positive integers, using only addition and subtraction. To make this method a recursive one, you are to make a) a base case when m = 1, b) a general case when m ≠ 1. For a general case, the return value should be n plus the result of a recursive call to the method product() with parameters n and m - 1. Write a short Java code for this method, along with a test program.
When recursion is used to solve a problem, why must the recursive method call itself to solve a smaller version of the original problem?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Starting Out with Python (4th Edition)
Ch. 12.2 - It is said that a recursive algorithm has more...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2CPCh. 12.2 - What is a recursive case?Ch. 12.2 - What causes a recursive algorithm to stop calling...Ch. 12.2 - What is direct recursion? What is indirect...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12 - A function is called once from a program's main...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12 - Prob. 4MCCh. 12 - Prob. 5MC
Ch. 12 - Prob. 6MCCh. 12 - Any problem that can be solved recursively can...Ch. 12 - Actions taken by the computer when a function is...Ch. 12 - A recursive algorithm must _______ in the...Ch. 12 - A recursive algorithm must ______ in the base...Ch. 12 - An algorithm that uses a loop will usually run...Ch. 12 - Some problems can be solved through recursion...Ch. 12 - It is not necessary to have a base case in all...Ch. 12 - In the base case, a recursive method calls itself...Ch. 12 - In Program 12-2 , presented earlier in this...Ch. 12 - In this chapter, the rules given for calculating...Ch. 12 - Is recursion ever required to solve a problem?...Ch. 12 - When recursion is used to solve a problem, why...Ch. 12 - How is a problem usually reduced with a recursive...Ch. 12 - What will the following program display? def...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AWCh. 12 - The following function uses a loop. Rewrite it as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1PECh. 12 - Prob. 2PECh. 12 - Prob. 3PECh. 12 - Largest List Item Design a function that accepts a...Ch. 12 - Recursive List Sum Design a function that accepts...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PECh. 12 - Prob. 7PECh. 12 - Ackermann's Function Ackermann's Function is a...
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- JAVA Question 2: For two integers m and n, their GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) can be computed by a recursive method. Write a recursive method gcd(m,n) to find their Greatest Common Divisor. Method body: If m is 0, the method returns n. If n is 0, the method returns m. If neither is 0, the method can recursively calculate the Greatest Common Divisor with two smaller parameters: One is n, the second one is m mod n (or m % n). The recursive method cannot have loops. Note: although there are other approaches to calculate Greatest Common Divisor, please follow the instructions in this question, otherwise you will not get the credit. main method: Prompt and read in two numbers to find the greatest common divisor. Call the gcd method with the two numbers as its argument. Print the result to the monitor. Example program run: Enter m: 12 Enter n: 28 GCD(12,28) = 4 And here is what I have so far, package CSCI1302;import java.util.*;public class RecursionDemo { public static void…arrow_forwardJava language Write a recursive method to add all of the odd numbers between two numbers (start and end) and return the result. The method receives these numbers as parameters.arrow_forward9. Ackermann's Function Ackermann's function is a recursive mathematical algorithm that can be used to test how well a computer performs recursion. Write a method ackermann (m, n), which solves Ackermann's function. Use the following logic in your method: If m = 0 then return n + 1 If n = 0 then return ackermann (m Otherwise, return ackermann(m 1, 1) 1, ackermann (m, n - 1))arrow_forward
- Pascal's triangle is a useful recursive definition that tells us the coefficients in the expansion of the polynomial (x + a)^n. Each element in the triangle has a coordinate, given by the row it is on and its position in the row (which you could call a column). Every number in Pascals triangle is defined as the sum of the item above it and the item above it and to the left. If there is a position that does not have an entry, we treat it as if we had a 0 there. *picture of the pascals triangle* Given the following recursive function signature, write the recursive function that takes a row and a column and finds the value at that position in the triangle. Assume that the triangle starts at row 0 and column 0. Examples: pascal(2, 1) -> 2, pascal(1, 2) -> 0 public int pascal(int row, int column) { }arrow_forwardQuestion 5 When writing a recursive method, O you do not need to know ahead of time exactly how many levels of recursion will occur. O you must keep count of how many recursion call levels you have traversed. O you must make sure the method does not take any input parameters.arrow_forward1. Write a recursive method expFive(n) to compute y=5^n. For instance, if n is 0, y is 1. If n is 3, then y is 125. If n is 4, then y is 625. The recursive method cannot have loops. Then write a testing program to call the recursive method. If you run your program, the results should look like this: > run RecExpTest Enter a number: 3 125 >run RecExpTest Enter a number: 3125 2. For two integers m and n, their GCD(Greatest Common Divisor) can be computed by a recursive function. Write a recursive method gcd(m,n) to find their Greatest Common Divisor. Once m is 0, the function returns n. Once n is 0, the function returns m. If neither is 0, the function can recursively calculate the Greatest Common Divisor with two smaller parameters: One is n, the second one is m mod n. Although there are other approaches to calculate Greatest Common Divisor, please follow the instructions in this question, otherwise you will not get the credit. Meaning your code needs to follow the given algorithm. Then…arrow_forward
- 1. Let product(n,m) be a recursive addition-subtraction method for multiplying two positive integers. Recursive cases for m = 1 and m < 1 make this method. The return value should be n plus a recursive product() call with n and m - 1. Test a Java method.arrow_forwardExercise-3: Write a recursive and iterative methods to convert a decimal number to its binary equivalent string. The iterative algorithm (in pseudo-code) for converting a decimal integer into a binary integer as follows: 1. If the integer is 0 or 1, its binary equivalent is 0 or 1. 2. If the integer is greater than or equal to 2 do the following: 3. Divide the integer by 2. 4. Separate the result into a quotient and remainder. 5. Divide the quotient again and repeat the process until the quotient is zero. 6. Write down all remainders in reverse order as a string. 7. This string is the binary equivalent of the given integer. // Recursive decimal to binary method public static String dec2binRecursive(int n) { if (n<2) return n+ " ". else return dec2binRecursive(n/2) + n%2; } a) Write the Complete program for above Recursive decimal to binary method Algorit b) Iterative decimal to binary methodarrow_forwardThe word ladder game was invented by Lewis Carroll in 1877. The idea is to begin with a start word and then change one letter at a time until you arrive at an end word. Each word along the way must be an English word. For example, starting from FISH, you can arrive at MAST through the following word ladder:FISH, WISH, WASH, MASH, MAST Write a program that uses recursion to find the word ladder given a start word and an end word, or that determines no word ladder exists. Use the file words.txt that is available online with the source code for the book as your dictionary of valid words. This file contains 87,314 words. Your program does not need to find the shortest word ladder between words; any word ladder will do if one exists. list aalii aardvark aardvarks aardwolf aba abaca abaci abacist aback abacus abacuses abaft abalone abalones abamp abampere abandon abandoned abandonee abandoner abandonersarrow_forward
- Please Give answer in C# Write a recursive method which sums all the even numbers up to a given number. For example if you call it with 10, it would return 30 because 10+8+6+4+2=30 Write a RECURSIVE method called sumEven It must take in an int (the max you wish to sum to) It must return an int (the sum) If it's passed in an even number it should sum the number passed in with all the even numbers before it. For example if passed 8, it would sum 8+6+4+2=20 If it's passed an odd number it should still sum only the EVEN numbers. What we mean is that sumEven(9) should return 8+6+4+2=20. Not 9+7+5+3+1. Hint: You'll have an if statement with the base condition, an else if for even and an else if for odd. In the case of odd, just call yourself with the next lowest even number. In your main method, open a file called "Carlton.txt" for writing. Use a loop to call the method above multiple times and print a line to the file for each iteration of the loop: The sum of even numbers up to 0 is 0 The…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are true regarding the characteristics of recursion? a.Every recursive call reduces the original problem, bringing it increasingly closer to a base case until it becomes that case. b.Recursive method requires less memory than an iterative method. c. It is possible to convert every recursive method to an iterative method. d.The method is implemented using an if-else or a switch statement that leads to different cases. e.One or more base cases are used to stop recursion.arrow_forwardWrite a recursive method that takes two integer number start and end. The method int evensquare2 (int start, int end) should return the square of even number from the start number to the end number. Then, write the main method to test the recursive method. For example: If start = 2 and end = 4, the method calculates and returns the value of: 22 * 4= 20 If start = 1 and end 2, the method calculates and returns the value of: 22 4 Sample I/O: Enter Number start: 2 Enter Number start: 4 Result = 20 Enter Number start: 1 Enter Number start: 2 Result = 4arrow_forward
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