Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 13.4, Problem 1COMQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
In translation, apart from the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) transcript and the ribosome, tRNAs (transfer RNAs) have a major role. They read the codons in the transcript and bring anti-codons corresponding to them so as to attach them to the polypeptide chain that is being synthesized.
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Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the tRNA structure?
A. Amino acids bind to the 5′ end of the tRNA molecule.
B. When a tRNA has an amino acid attached to it, it is considered to be a charged tRNA
C. Synthetases are not important to tRNA
D. Amino acids are linked to tRNAs with hydrogen bonds
The codon UUU in an mRNA molecule which results in phenylalanine being inserted as the protein is made. Which will be a characteristic of this codon?
a. The tRNA molecule that binds to the UUU codon must have an AAA anticodon. Nde ba e2?
b. UUU could code for both phenylalanine and alanine during translation.
c. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for phenylalanine binds only the UUU codon.
d. UUU is probably only one of several codons that code for phenylalanine.
Which of the following amino acid is acetylated when DNA is unwound from histones?
a. Asparagine
b. Lysine
c. Arginine
d. Glycine
Chapter 13 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 13.1 - 2. The reason why Beadle and Tatum observed four...Ch. 13.2 - What is the genetic code? a. The relationship...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.2 - The fourth codon in an mRNA sequence is GGG, which...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 13.4 - 2. The anticodon of a tRNA is located in the
a....Ch. 13.4 - An enzyme known as _______attaches an amino acid...
Ch. 13.5 - Each ribosomal subunit is composed of a. multiple...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 13.6 - 1. During the initiation stage of translation in...Ch. 13.6 - The Kozak rules determine a. the choice of the...Ch. 13.6 - During the peptidyl transfer reaction, the...Ch. 13.6 - A release factor is referred to as a molecular...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1CONQCh. 13 - What does it mean when we say that the genetic...Ch. 13 - According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 13 - 6. The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 13 - If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 3CCI5, what...Ch. 13 - Describe the anticodon of a single tRNA that could...Ch. 13 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 13 - 14. What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 13 - 16. Discuss the significance of modified bases...Ch. 13 - How and when does formylmethionine become attached...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 13 - The term subunit can be used in a variety of ways....Ch. 13 - 22. Do the following events during bacterial...Ch. 13 - 23. What are the three stages of translation?...Ch. 13 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 13 - 25. For each of the following initiation factors,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 13 - 27. For each of the following sequences, rank them...Ch. 13 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 31CONQCh. 13 - In which of the ribosomal sites, the A site, P...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 34CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 35CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 36CONQCh. 13 - Prob. 37CONQCh. 13 - 1. In the experiment of Figure 13.7, what would be...Ch. 13 - 2. Polypeptides can be translated in vitro. Would...Ch. 13 - Discuss how the elucidation of the structure of...Ch. 13 - Describe the structure of a polysome, which is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5EQCh. 13 - 6. The technique of Western blotting is described...Ch. 13 - The protein known as tyrosinase is needed to make...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8EQCh. 13 - Discuss why you think the ribosomes need to...Ch. 13 - 2. Discuss and make a list of the similarities...Ch. 13 - 3. Which events during translation involve...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this? a. complementarity b. nonsense codons c. universality d. degeneracyarrow_forwardWhich of the following enzymes adds a new amino acid to the growing chain of a protein during protein synthesis? a. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase b. peptidyl synthetase c. peptidyl transferase d. ribosomal synthetasearrow_forwardWhat kind of bonds are created between amino acids during the elongation phase of translation? a. covalent phosphodiester bonds O b. ionic bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. covalent peptide bondsarrow_forward
- A particular tRNA is mutated so that the amino acid attachment cannot bind with the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase. What happens when an mRNA transcript contains the codon for this tRNA? A. The tRNA will not bind to this codon. B. Translation stops and the protein is released. C The wrong tRNA is added to the protein chain. D. Translation stops and the protein remains bound to the ribosome.arrow_forwardChoose the correct function of tRNA. A. TRNAS are an intermediate stage of RNA processing where introns have been removed but polyadenylation has not occurred yet B. TRNAS are small RNAS that regulate gene expression C. TRNAS bring amino acids to the ribosome for addition to the growing polypeptide chain D. tRNA is a major structural component of the ribosomearrow_forwardDetermine the identity of the N-terminal amino acid after reconstructing the intact protein. Why is this answer correct and why are the others incorrect? A. Asp B. Ser C. Glu D. Ilearrow_forward
- The codon chart below shows that adenine-uracil-guanine (AUG) codes for the amino acid methionine, and cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) codes for glutamine in humans. What do those two codons code for in carrots? A. valine and aspartic acid B. isoleucine and histidine C. methionine and glutamine D. serine and glutamic acidarrow_forwardA tRNA anticodon has the base sequence CCG. Identify the DNA base sequence that was used to produce the codon that will bind it to this anticodon?arrow_forwardChoose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence. 1. A TRNA binds to the A site. 2. A peptide bond forms between the new amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain. 3. TRNA vacates E site as the next tRNA binds to the A site. 4. Both ribosomal subunits have bound, and the first TRNA is in the P site. 5. TRNA translocates to the P site, as upstream tRNA translocates to E site. O 4, 1, 3, 2, 5 ) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 4, 1, 2, 5, 3 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 5, 4, 3, 2, 1arrow_forward
- Which part of a tRNA molecule acts as an amino acid attachment site? a. the 5' end b. the 3' end c. the anticodon d. any of thesearrow_forwardWhat is the functional role of modified bases for tRNA function. Give examples about modified bases and their characteristics.arrow_forwardAnalyze the following amino acid sequence and write down a potential mRNA sequence from which this sequence might have been translated. Use the codon table in your book to determine a possible mRNA sequence. Amino Acid Sequence 1: H3N+-Methionine-Valine-Histidine-Leucine-Threonine-Proline-Glutamic Acid-Glutamic Acid-COO- (a) Consider Amino Acid Sequence 2. How is Amino Acid Sequence 2 different from Amino Acid Sequence 1? Amino Acid Sequence 2: H3N+-Methionine-Valine-Histidine-Leucine-Threonine-Proline-Valine-Glutamic Acid-COO- (b) Write a potential mRNA sequence for Amino Acid sequence 2, using the same codons for any given amino acid if it is present in both sequences.arrow_forward
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