1(a)
Financial Ratios: Financial ratios are the metrics used to evaluate the liquidity, capabilities, profitability, and overall performance of a company.
1(a)
Explanation of Solution
a.
Working capital is determined as the difference between current assets and current liabilities.
Formula:
Thus, working capital for 2016 and 2015 is $9,667.0 and $9,255.0
1(b)
The
1(b)
Explanation of Solution
Current ratio for 2016 and 2015
Current ratio is used to determine the relationship between current assets and current liabilities. The ideal current ratio is 2:1. Current assets include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, net, accounts and notes receivables, net, inventories, and prepaid expenses and other current assets. Current liabilities include short-term obligations and accounts payable.
Formula:
Thus, current ratio for 2016 and 2015 is 2.8 and 2.5
1(c)
Acid-test ratio for 2016
1(c)
Explanation of Solution
Acid-Test Ratio is the ratio denotes that this ratio is a more rigorous test of solvency than the current ratio. It is determined by dividing quick assets and current liabilities. The acceptable acid-test ratio is 0.90 to 1.00. Use the following formula to determine the acid-test ratio:
Quick Assets are those assets that are most liquid. The examples of quick assets include cash and bank balances, marketable securities, and sundry debtors. Use the following formula to determine the Quick assets:
Hence, quick ratio for 2016 and 2015 are 1.6 and 1.5 respectively.
1(d)
Accounts receivable turnover ratio for 2016 and 2015
1(d)
Explanation of Solution
Accounts receivables turnover ratio is mainly used to evaluate the collection process efficiency. It helps the company to know the number of times the accounts receivable is collected in a particular time period. Main purpose of accounts receivable turnover ratio is to manage the working capital of the company. This ratio is determined by dividing credit sales and sales return.
Formula:
Average accounts receivable, net for 2016 and 2015 is determined as follows:
Hence, the accounts receivable turnover ratio for 2016 and 2015 is 9.8 times and 9.5 times.
1(e)
Number of days’ sales in receivables for 2016 and 2015
1(e)
Explanation of Solution
Number of days’ sales in receivables is used to determine the number of days a particular company takes to collect accounts receivables.
Formula:
Average daily sales are determined by dividing sales by 365 days. Average accounts receivables for 2016 and 2015 are determined in previous requirement. Thus, average daily sales for 2016 and 2015 are determined as follows:
Hence, the number of days’ sales in receivable for 2016 and 2015 are 9.8 days and 9.5 days respectively.
1(f)
Inventory turnover ratio for 2016 and 2015
1(f)
Explanation of Solution
Inventory turnover ratio is used to determine the number of times inventory used or sold during the particular accounting period.
Formula:
Average inventory for 2016 and 2015 is determined as below:
Hence, the inventory turnover ratio for 2016and 2015 is 3.8 and 4.0 respectively.
1(g)
Number of days sales in inventory for 2016 and 2015
1(g)
Explanation of Solution
Number of days’ sales in inventory is determined as the number of days a particular company takes to make sales of the inventory available with them.
Formula:
Average daily cost of goods sold are determined by dividing cost of goods sold by 365 days. Thus, average daily cost of goods sold are determined as follows:
Hence, the number of days’ sales in inventory for 2016 and 2015 are 96.2 days and 91.4 days respectively.
1(h)
Ratio of liabilities to
1(h)
Explanation of Solution
Ratio of liabilities to stockholders’ equity is determined by dividing liabilities and stockholders’ equity.
Formula:
Conclusion:
Hence, the ratio of liabilities to stockholders’ equity for 2016 and 2015 is 0.7.
1(i)
Asset turnover ratio for 2016 and 2015
1(i)
Explanation of Solution
Asset turnover ratio is used to determine the asset’s efficiency towards sales.
Formula:
Working notes for average total assets for 2016 and 2015 are as follows:
Hence, asset turnover ratio for 2016 and 2015 is 1.5.
1(j)
Return on total assets for 2016 and 2015
1(j)
Explanation of Solution
Return on assets determines the particular company’s overall earning power. It is determined by dividing sum of net income and interest expense and average total assets.
Formula:
Hence, rate of return on assets for 2016 and 2015 are 17.6% and 16.4% respectively.
1(k)
Return on common stockholders’ equity for 2016 and 2015
1(k)
Explanation of Solution
Rate of return on stockholders’ equity is used to determine the relationship between the net income and the average common equity that are invested in the company.
Formula:
Average stockholders’ equity is determined as follows:
Hence, rate of return on stockholders’ equity for 2016 and 2015 are 30.1% and 26.5% respectively.
1(l)
Price earnings ratio for 2016 and 2015
1(l)
Explanation of Solution
Price/earnings ratio is used to determine the profitability of a company. This ratio is abbreviated as P/E.
Formula:
Hence, the calculated price-earnings ratio for 2016 and 2015 is 24.8 and 28.5 respectively.
1(m)
Net income to sales for 2016 and 2015
1(m)
Explanation of Solution
Net income to sales is determined by dividing net income to sales.
Formula:
Thus, summary table of determined ratios are below:
Particulars | 2016 | 2015 |
|
$9,667.0 | $9,255.0 |
|
2.8 | 2.5 |
|
1.6 | 1.5 |
|
9.8 | 9.5 |
|
37.2 days | 38.6 days |
|
3.8 times | 4.0 times |
|
96.2 days | 91.4 days |
|
0.7 | 0.7 |
|
1.5 | 1.5 |
|
17.6% | 16.4% |
|
30.1% | 26.5% |
|
24.8 times | 28.5 times |
|
11.6% | 10.7% |
2.
To draw: Conclusion about the analysis made
2.
Explanation of Solution
- The working capital ratio have increased in the year 2016 when compared with 2015.
- The current ratio and quick ratio of the company have increased during the year 2016.
- The accounts receivable turnover ratio and number of days’ sales in receivables have increased in the year 2016. But, whereas, number of days’ sales receivables have decreased slightly. Thus, here, company takes over one month to collect the accounts receivables from credit sales.
- Inventory turnover ratio and number of days’ sales in inventory is increased and it is critical for the company. Thus, it shows a favorable change.
- Creditor’s protection remained constant and thus, it is very sound from the ratio of liabilities to stockholders’ equity.
- Asset turnover ratio indicates assets were used effectively towards generation of revenues for both the years.
- Return on total assets have increased during the year 2016. Net income has increased.
- Return on common stockholders’ equity has increased and it has strong earnings performance in the year 2016.
- The price-earnings ratio have decreased in the year 2016.
- The percentage of net income to sales have increased during 2016.
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