Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 3E
What is the ultimate source of energy that makes the Sun shine?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 16 - How do we know the age of the Sun?Ch. 16 - Explain how we know that the Sun’s energy is not...Ch. 16 - What is the ultimate source of energy that makes...Ch. 16 - What are the formulas for the three steps in the...Ch. 16 - How is a neutrino different from a neutron? List...Ch. 16 - Describe in your own words what is meant by the...Ch. 16 - Two astronomy students travel to South Dakota. One...Ch. 16 - What do measurements of the number of neutrinos...Ch. 16 - Do neutrinos have mass? Describe how the answer to...Ch. 16 - Neutrinos produced in the core of the Sun carry...
Ch. 16 - What conditions are required before proton-proton...Ch. 16 - Describe the two main ways that energy travels...Ch. 16 - Someone suggests that astronomers build a special...Ch. 16 - Earth contains radioactive elements whose decay...Ch. 16 - The Sun is much larger and more massive than...Ch. 16 - A friend who has not had the benefit of an...Ch. 16 - Which of the following transformations is (are)...Ch. 16 - Why is a higher temperature required to fuse...Ch. 16 - Earth’s atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium....Ch. 16 - Explain what it means when we say that Earth’s...Ch. 16 - What mechanism transfers heat away from the...Ch. 16 - Suppose you are standing a few feet away from a...Ch. 16 - Give some everyday examples of the transport of...Ch. 16 - Suppose the proton-proton cycle in the Sun were to...Ch. 16 - Do you think that nuclear fusion takes place in...Ch. 16 - Why is fission not an important energy source in...Ch. 16 - Why do you suppose so great a fraction of the...Ch. 16 - Explain how mathematical computer models allow us...Ch. 16 - Estimate the amount of mass that is converted to...Ch. 16 - How much energy is released when a proton combines...Ch. 16 - The Sun converts 4109 kg of mass to energy every...Ch. 16 - Assume that the mass of the Sun is 75% hydrogen...Ch. 16 - In fact, the conversion of mass to energy in the...Ch. 16 - Now suppose that all of the hydrogen atoms in the...Ch. 16 - Models of the Sun indicate that only about 10% of...Ch. 16 - Show that the statement in the text is correct:...Ch. 16 - Every second, the Sun converts 4 million tons of...Ch. 16 - Raymond Davis Jr.’s neutrino detector contained...
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- A “shooting star” is usually a grain of sand from outer space that burns up and gives off light as it enters the atmosphere. What exactly causes this burning?arrow_forwardConsider a cloudless day on which the sun shines down across the United States. If 2951 kJ2951 kJ of energy reaches a square meter (m2)(m2) of the United States in one hour, how much total solar energy reaches the entire United States per hour? The entire area of the United States is 9,158,960 km29,158,960 km2. solar energy per hour is ???arrow_forwardConsider a cloudless day on which the sun shines down across the United States. If 2336 kJ2336 kJ of energy reaches a square meter (m2)(m2) of the United States in one hour, how much total solar energy reaches the entire United States per hour? The entire area of the United States is 9,158,960 km29,158,960 km2.arrow_forward
- Consider a cloudless day on which the sun shines down across the United States. If 2951 kJ2951 kJ of energy reaches a square meter (m2)(m2) of the United States in one hour, how much total solar energy reaches the entire United States per hour? The entire area of the United States is 9,158,960 km29,158,960 km2. solar energy per hour: display in scientific notationarrow_forwardAssume that 10 J/cm2 of the energy in sunlight can damage the human retina. The fovea is a small pit in the retina where vision is the sharpest. If the fovea has an area of 0.018 cm2, how many joules of the Sun’s energy would damage it?arrow_forwardEarth's daylight surface disk absorbs about 1047 W per m2 from the Sun. Using 6400 km for the Earth's radius, how much of this radiative power is emitted by each square meter of the spherical Earth? (Compare ratio of disk area to spherical surface area)arrow_forward
- Explain in your own words How does light from the core of the sun reach the earth?arrow_forwardThe chart below shows several large peaks of warmer temperatures. Which Milankovitch cycle does this correspond with? Temperature Anomaly Calculated from Hydrogen Isotopes temps warmer than today temps colder than today 4 2 -2 -6 -8 -10 -12 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 years before present Eccentricity Obliquity Precession Temperature, °Carrow_forwardA friend who has not had the benefit of an astronomy course suggests that the Sun must be full of burning coal to shine as brightly as it does. List as many arguments as you can against this hypothesis.arrow_forward
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