Consider the reaction
Given that ΔG° for the reaction at 25°C is 173.4 kJ/mol, (a) calculate the standard free energy of formation of NO, and (b) calculate KP of the reaction. (c) One of the starting substances in smog formation is NO. Assuming that the temperature in a running automobile engine is 1100°C, estimate KP for the above reaction. (d) As farmers know, lightning helps to produce a better crop. Why?
(a)
Interpretation:
The standard free energy
Concept Introduction:
Thermodynamics is the branch of science that relates heat and energy in a system. The four laws of thermodynamics explain the fundamental quantities such as temperature, energy and randomness in a system. Entropy is the measure of randomness in a system. For a spontaneous process there is always a positive change in entropy. Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter G. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system. In non-spontaneous reaction there is an increase of free energy in the system.
Free energy
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Explanation of Solution
The equilibrium constant is related to the to the standard free energy change by the given equation (1).
(b)
Interpretation:
The equilibrium constant
Concept Introduction:
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Where,
The calculate the standard free
Explanation of Solution
First calculate the equilibrium constant (
Given
(c)
Interpretation:
The nitric oxide starting formation has to determine.
Concept Introduction:
Thermodynamics is the branch of science that relates heat and energy in a system. The four laws of thermodynamics explain the fundamental quantities such as temperature, energy and randomness in a system. Entropy is the measure of randomness in a system. For a spontaneous process there is always a positive change in entropy. Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter G. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system. The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.
Where,
Explanation of Solution
We calculate the enthalpy changes for given reaction
(d)
Interpretation:
The lighting helps to produce a better crop, the reason behind this has to explained.
Concept Introduction:
Thermodynamics is the branch of science that relates heat and energy in a system. The four laws of thermodynamics explain the fundamental quantities such as temperature, energy and randomness in a system. Entropy is the measure of randomness in a system. For a spontaneous process there is always a positive change in entropy. Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter G. All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system. In non-spontaneous reaction there is an increase of free energy in the system.
Non-spontaneous reaction: This type of reaction explain as, endergonic reaction (mean by heat absorption non-spontaneous process) or unfavourable reaction in a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive and energy is absorbed.
Explanation of Solution
The lighting promotes the formation of
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Chemistry
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