Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 5TYK
A cDNA and a cloned fragment of genomic DNA share sequences from a mouse gene. What differences do you expect to see between the cDNA and genomic DNA sequences?
a. None; they should be identical.
b. The genomic DNA might have an intron or introns.
c. The genomic DNA might have promoter sequences.
d. The genomic DNA might have a poly(A) tail.
e. Both b and c are correct.
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A mouse gene was identified and determined to be required for formation of heart muscle. A gene with a similar sequence was identified in the human genome. What experiment could scientists do to determine if the mouse and human genes have similar functions?
A. The scientist could place the normal human gene into normal mice and see if the resulting mice are viable.
B. The scientist could search the human genome for genes that encode proteins that are identical to the protein encoded by the mouse gene.
C. The scientist could place the normal human gene into mutant mice to see if heart muscle forms in the mouse.
D. The scientist could place the mutant mouse gene into humans to see if humans develop without heart muscle.
Could a frameshift mutation result in the production of a larger than wild type protein?
A.Yes, but it’s likely only if the frameshift occurs early in the coding sequence.
B.Yes, but it’s likely only if the frameshift occurs late in the coding sequence.
C.Yes, by producing a longer than normal transcript
D.Yes, by producing larger than normal Okazaki fragments.
E.No, frameshift always results in the occurrence of STOP codons and premature termination of translation
a. What sequence information about a gene is lackingin a cDNA library?b. Can clones in a cDNA library contain 5′ UTR sequences? 3′ UTR sequences?c. Would you be likely to find on average longerORFs in cloned sequences from a genomic libraryor from a cDNA library? Explain
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18.1 - What features do restriction enzymes have in...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.1 - What information and materials are needed to...Ch. 18.2 - What is a transgenic organism?Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.3 - What is a restriction fragment length polymorphism...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 18 - Why are antibiotic resistance markers such as ampR...Ch. 18 - After a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose...Ch. 18 - A cDNA and a cloned fragment of genomic DNA share...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 18 - Which of the following is not true of somatic cell...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 18 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 18 - Discuss Concepts A forensic scientist obtained a...Ch. 18 - 13. Suppose a biotechnology company has developed...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 18 - You learned in the chapter that an STR locus is a...
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- a. The reading frame DNA sequence is: b. The mRNA sequence is: c. The polypeptide sequence is: A disease in frogs which causes their tongue to fall out of their mouths is killing the frog population in LA County. You obtain a dead frog and isolate its gene Xf. When you sequence this mutated gene, you find that the last ‘G’ at the end of the first line of this sequence has been deleted (i.e. the G at position 86). In order to determine how this mutation changes the resulting polypeptide, write the mutated polypeptide sequence in the space below. What kind of mutation was produced? The mutated polypeptide sequence is What kind of mutation was produced?arrow_forwardcentral dogma of molecular biology describe the flow of information in the cell.There are also exceptions to the central dogma. Which of the following examples is inconsistent with the flow of genetic information in the cell? a. from DNA to mRNA b.from mRNA to protien c.from protien to DNA d.from DNA to rRNA e. from DNA to tRNAarrow_forward1a) Why is it possible for you to study the eye colour gene by extracting cheek cells? a. Because the nucleus of every cell in the human body contains the same genetic information. b. Because the cheek cells are located near the cells of the eye and so they are able to exchange DNA. c. Because all genes in the human body are expressed at all times so it is easy to study them. d. All of the above are possible explanations. 1b) What is the purpose of heating the sample to 75°C following addition of the 0.2M NaOH solution? a. To denature the histone proteins that are keeping the DNA tightly coiled. b. To ensure that all the DNA is removed from the swab in preparation for PCR. c. To breakdown the cheek cell membrane to release the DNA from the cell. d. It breaks down the circular DNA down into linear fragments so that they will be easier to visualize.iarrow_forward
- Complete each of the following statements by selecting from the bank of terms below. a. tRNA b. spontaneous c. repressible d. RNA processing e. mutagen f. SNRNA g. redundancy h. universal i. promoter j. elongation There are several three nucleotide codons that code for the same amino acid. This is known as (81). A specific three nucleotide codon for a fruit fly codes for the same amino acid as that same specific three nucleotide codon for a human. This means that the genetic code is (82). The three steps of transcription are initiation, (83), and termination. The (84) region on a chromosome is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that indicates where the RNA polymerase complex should bind to initiate transcription. In a eukaryotic cell mRNA is modified in three ways. This is known as (85). The role of (86) is to combine with protein and then bind to introns to remove them and splice the RNA together. The role of (87) is to transport amino acids to the ribosome where the anticodon loop…arrow_forwardThe original DNA base sequence is 5’-AGCGTTACCGT-3’; a mutation in the DNA strand results in the base sequence 5’-AGGCGTTACCGT-3’. What can you conclude about the mutation? A. It is a frameshift mutation. B. It is a silent mutation. C. It is a deleterious mutation. D. It may result in a single amino acid change in the protein being coded for by this base sequence.arrow_forwardThe CFTR gene is very well conserved from mice to humans. What conclusions can you make about CFTR based on this information? A. The coding sequence of the CFTR gene is less susceptible to mutation B. CFTR is just as susceptible to mutation as other genes, but many CFTR mutations are lethal thereby preventing them from being passed on C. The protein encoded by the CFTR gene has a critical function in those organisms D. A and C only E. B and C onlyarrow_forward
- The goal of most gene therapies is to insert a healthy copy of a gene into the genome. Besides CRISPR, techniques for integrating DNA into the genome do not target that DNA to a particular genomic location and thus different cells end up with the DNA sequence in different positions. A. It has been shown that where the healthy gene integrates is heavily influenced by chromatin. Why? B. The same gene integrated into different locations in the genome will be expressed differently. Why? C. Over time the expression of an integrated gene will change, usually decreasing. Describe how you think the cell downregulates expression of an integrated gene.arrow_forwardPart a) and b) have already resolved and part c and d tobe resolved. a. What is a genetic mutation? How do genetic mutations differ fromsomatic mutations? b. What are mutagens? Using examples, describe how chemical andphysical mutagens cause mutations. c. Briefly describe the significance of transposons in inducing d. Discuss the practical aspects of mutations.arrow_forwardEukaryotic MRNAS contain a poly(A) tail at the 3'-end, but the template DNA encoding the mRNA does not have poly(T)s. Identify the statements as true or false. A. The enzyme that makes polyA tail is a template-independent polymerase B. The polyA tail is added at the 3` end of MRNA C. The polyA tail is added at the 5 end of MRNA D. The polyA tail is added by DNA dependent RNA polymerase E. PolyA tail plays an essential role in transcriptionarrow_forward
- What are the most highly-conserved regions of human DNA (when compared to similar DNA sequences in closely-related animals)? A. transposons B. non-transcribed spacers C. introns D. pseudogenes E. exonsarrow_forwardThe goal of most gene therapies is to insert a healthy copy of a gene into the genome. Besides CRISPR, techniques for integrating DNA into the genome do not target that DNA to a particular genomic location and thus different cells end up with the DNA sequence in different positions. A. It has been shown that where the healthy gene integrates is heavily influenced by chromatin. Why?arrow_forwardShown below is diagram of RNA polymerase undergoing the process of transcription: This transcript: O Select one: a. None of these choices is correct. O b. has a sequence complementary to the top strand of the DNA. c. has a sequence identical to the top strand of the DNA. d. has a sequence complementary to the bottom strand of the DNA. e. has a sequence identical to the bottom strand of the DNA. f. It is not possible to determine, because not enough information has been provided. g. More than one of these choices is correct. MacEarrow_forward
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