Essential University Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134988559
Author: Wolfson, Richard
Publisher: Pearson Education,
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Chapter 18, Problem 76P
The adiabatic lapse rate is the rate at which air cools as it rises and expands adiabatically in the atmosphere (see Application: Smog Alert, on page 324). Express dT in terms of dp for an adiabatic process, and use the hydrostatic equation (Equation 15.2) to express dp in terms of dy. Then, calculate the lapse rate dT/dy. Take air’s average molecular weight to be 29 u and γ = 1.4, and remember that the altitude y is the negative of the depth h in Equation 15.2.
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Problem 2:
The enthalpy of a system is given by the equation H = U + PV where U is the internal energy, P = pressure, and V = volume.
In addition, the internal energy, U = Q + W where Q is the heat and W is the work. Suppose we want to find the rate of
change in the enthalpy at constant pressure of 1.25 atm, what is the value when heat is absorbed by the system at a rate
of 45 J/s and work is done by the system at a rate of 100 J/s when the change of volume is rated at 35 x 105 m/s?
1. What is the change in heat with respect to time?
2. What is the change in internal energy of the system with respect to time?
3. What is the change in enthalpy of the system with respect to time?
The heat capacity at constant pressure of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is given by the expression:Cp [J / (mol. ° C)] = 35.3 + 0.0291Tto). Write an expression for the constant volume heat capacity of HCN, assuming it behaves as an ideal gas.b). Calculate ΔH (J / mol) for the constant pressure process.HCN (25 ° C, 0.80 atm) at (100 ° C, 0.80 atm) R = 8.314 J / mol.Kc). Calculate the ΔU (J / mol) for the constant volume processHCN (25 ° C, 50 m3 / kmol) at (100 ° C, 50 m3 / kmol) R = 8.314 J / mol.K
When air expands adiabatically (without gaining or losing heat), its pressure
P and volume V are related by the equation PV to the power of 1.4 = C where C is a constant. Suppose
that at a certain instant the volume is 480 cubic centimeters and the pressure is 75 kPa
and is decreasing at a rate of 10 kPa/minute. At what rate in cubic centimeters per
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Essential University Physics
Ch. 18.2 - Two identical gas-cylinder systems are taken from...Ch. 18.2 - Name the basic thermodynamic process involved when...Ch. 18.3 - The same amount of heat flows into equal volumes...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1FTDCh. 18 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 18 - Why cant an irreversible process be described by a...Ch. 18 - Are the initial and final equilibrium states of an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FTDCh. 18 - Figure 18.18 shows two processes, A and B. that...Ch. 18 - When you let air out of a tire, the air seems...
Ch. 18 - Blow on the back of your hand with your mouth wide...Ch. 18 - Three identical gas-cylinder systems are...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10FTDCh. 18 - Prob. 11ECh. 18 - Prob. 12ECh. 18 - A 40-W heat source is applied to a gas sample for...Ch. 18 - Find the rate of heat flow into a system whose...Ch. 18 - In a certain automobile engine, 17% of the total...Ch. 18 - An ideal gas expands from the state (p1, V1) to...Ch. 18 - Repeat Exercise 20 for a process that follows the...Ch. 18 - A balloon contains 0.30 mol of helium. It rises,...Ch. 18 - The balloon of Exercise 22 starts at 100 kPa...Ch. 18 - How much work does it take to compress 2.5 mol of...Ch. 18 - By what factor must the volume of a gas with =...Ch. 18 - Prob. 22ECh. 18 - A carbon-sequestration scheme calls for...Ch. 18 - A gas mixture contains 2.5 mol of O2 and 3.0 mol...Ch. 18 - A mixture of monatomic and diatomic gases has...Ch. 18 - What should be the approximate specific-heat ratio...Ch. 18 - Prob. 27ECh. 18 - Prob. 28ECh. 18 - Example 18.2: A gas bubble develops from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 30ECh. 18 - Example 18.2: A spherical balloon is placed inside...Ch. 18 - Prob. 32ECh. 18 - Example 18.4: An ideal gas with γ = 40 and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 34ECh. 18 - Example 18.4: An ideal gas with γ = 1.40 is...Ch. 18 - An ideal gas expands to 10 times its original...Ch. 18 - During cycling, the human body typically releases...Ch. 18 - A 0.25-mol sample of ideal gas initially occupies...Ch. 18 - As the heart beats, blood pressure in an artery...Ch. 18 - It takes 1.5 kJ to compress a gas isothermally to...Ch. 18 - A gas undergoes an adiabatic compression during...Ch. 18 - A gas with = 1.40 occupies 6.25 L when its at...Ch. 18 - A gas sample undergoes the cyclic process ABCA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - A gasoline engine has compression ratio 8.5 (sec...Ch. 18 - By what factor must the volume of a gas with =...Ch. 18 - Volvos B5340 engine, used in the V70 series cars,...Ch. 18 - A research balloon is prepared for launch by...Ch. 18 - Prob. 49PCh. 18 - By what factor does the internal energy of an...Ch. 18 - A 3.50-mol sample of ideal gas with molar specific...Ch. 18 - Prove that the slope of an adiabat at a given...Ch. 18 - An ideal gas with = 1.67 starts at point A in...Ch. 18 - The gas of Example 18.4 starts at state A in Fig....Ch. 18 - The gas of Example 18.4 starts at state A in Fig....Ch. 18 - Prob. 56PCh. 18 - Youre the product safety officer for a company...Ch. 18 - Figure 18.22 shows data and a fit curve from an...Ch. 18 - Gasoline and diesel engines often use...Ch. 18 - A gas with = 7/5 is at 273 K when its compressed...Ch. 18 - An ideal gas with = 1.3 is initially at 273 K and...Ch. 18 - The curved path in Fig. 18.23 lies on the 350-K...Ch. 18 - Repeat part (a) of Problem 62 for the path ACDA in...Ch. 18 - A gas mixture contains monatomic argon and...Ch. 18 - How much of a triatomic gas with Cv = 3R would you...Ch. 18 - An 8.5-kg rock at 0C is dropped into a...Ch. 18 - A piston-cylinder arrangement containing 0.30 mol...Ch. 18 - Experimental studies show that the pV curve for a...Ch. 18 - Show that the application of Equation 18.3 to an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 70PCh. 18 - Prob. 71PCh. 18 - The table below shows measured values of pressure...Ch. 18 - Air with initial volume V0 = 4.50 L and initial...Ch. 18 - A real gas is more accurately described using the...Ch. 18 - Repeat Exercise 20 for an expansion along the path...Ch. 18 - The adiabatic lapse rate is the rate at which air...Ch. 18 - A power plant extracts thermal energy from its...Ch. 18 - Prob. 78PCh. 18 - One scheme for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions...Ch. 18 - Warm winds called Chinooks (a Native-American term...Ch. 18 - Warm winds called Chinooks (a Native-American term...Ch. 18 - Warm winds called Chinooks (a Native-American term...Ch. 18 - Warm winds called Chinooks (a Native-American term...
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