Software Engineering (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133943030
Author: Ian Sommerville
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Expert Solution & Answer
Chapter 19, Problem 19.1E
Explanation of Solution
Complex Socio-technical systems in Government:
A complex organization design that recognizes the interaction between technology and people and is not limited only to software is known as socio-technical system.
A socio-technical system considers requirements spanning hardware, software, personal, and community aspects and applies an understanding of the social structures, roles and rights to inform the design of systems that involve communities of people and technology and it is a dependable process and also reduces errors and avoid failure.
Most of the systems used in government organizations are socio-technical systems. Some of the examples of government functions that are supported by complex socio-technical systems are:
- Criminal Justice System is supported by government through socio-technical systems and it is a series of government agencies and institutions that identify and catch the law-breakers and punish them.
- Air traffic system is supported by government through socio-technical systems and it is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace.
In the foreseeable future, these functions cannot be fully automated because:
- Socio-technical systems have they have emergent properties and are often nondeterministic and their objectives can change on very short notice and will evolve along technology.
- Socio-technical systems are based on complex national and regional laws that have to be interpreted by people and also involve interaction with individuals whose personal circumstances may not be simply to describe and so also have to be interpreted by people and hence they depend on people and cannot be fully automated.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Engineering is often considered as an essential bridge connecting science and society’s needs. Engineers are thus always dealing with real-world applications. In the real world, a host of considerations and constraints interact to define how scientific principles and technologies are deployed to develop practical systems that address the needs of society. Discuss the major considerations and constraints, including innovative ideas, available technologies, design elements (ease of use, aestheticity, etc.), cost and market consideration, and how they contribute to successful development of services and products. Use examples to illustrate your points.
In what way is a sociotechnical system different from another kind of system?
Computer Science
answer in short
Q 9.1. Explain why a software system that is used in a real-world environment must change or become progressively less useful,
Q 9.3. Explain why legacy systems should be thought of as sociotechnical systems rather than simply software systems that were developed using old technology,
Q 9.4. Under what circumstances might an organization decide to scrap a system when the system assessment suggests that it is of high quality and high business value?
Q 9.5. What are the strategic options for legacy system evolution? When would you normally replace all or part of a system rather than continue maintenance of the software?
Q 9.6. Explain why problems with support software might mean that an organization has to replace its legacy systems.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Software Engineering (10th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Computer Science Which is an advantage of the joint application design (JAD) approach? a. It provides a method for investigating an environment in which a problem is poorly defined and information is difficult to gather. b. It improves communication among users, top management, and information systems personnel because seeing a concrete model often prompts potential users of the system to ask questions, express opinions, and so forth. C. It incorporates varying viewpoints from different functional areas of an organization to help ensure that collected requirements for an application is not too narrow or one-dimensional in focus. d. It reduces the need to train information system users and increases the system's chance of success by encouraging users' involvement.arrow_forwardNew technologies may lead to a series of unintended consequences. However, fear of those consequences may slow changes that can be beneficial. However, fear may slow beneficial change. Jasanoff asserted we should combine the "can do" of science and engineering with the "should do" of ethical and political analysis. Take a specific example of technology and explain how these two have been or might be combined.arrow_forwardArtificial Intelligence currently requires a phase known as "Training" in order to achieve the best results. What are two potential deliverables from an RPA project which can provide part of all of the AI training support within the automated process? Briefly describe how each RPA deliverable could be utilized for AI Training.arrow_forward
- Robots may be designed to do jobs that are potentially dangerous, offensive, or boring in place of humans. Please provide an example of a task that you think a robot could do more effectively than a human. Why, in your opinion, would it be preferable for individuals to assign this duty to a computer as opposed to another person?arrow_forwardMatch the term to the correct definition. Question 24 options: When humans unquestioningly accept that new is better and that technological change is inevitable and good. Things that arise that were not foreseen by designers which can shape social relations Constraints on the freedom of choice in designing new technologies The inertia of technological systems based on entrenched resources that constrains subsequent decisions 1. Technological momentum 2. Technological frames 3. Unintended consequences 4. Technological bluffarrow_forwardHow is it ensured that antiquated systems will evolve?arrow_forward
- What is the ultimate goal of AI? Provide two illustrative instances for each of its various characteristics.arrow_forwardDescribe two concepts for an autonomous transportation and/or delivery that replaces manned systems. Each capability description should be one paragraph in length. No pictures or figures are necessary. These concepts should be different (e.g. they should not be two forms of remote cars or two forms of ground transportation such as an autonomous truck and autonomous taxi – think about the different types of domains that are available!)arrow_forwardComplex sociotechnical systems lead to three important characteristics. What are they? Explain each in brief.arrow_forward
- If a computer and information technology scenario differs from more traditional media that does not make use of computers, what are those differences? With the introduction of new technologies, new variables are created on a daily basis. As an example, take the latest technological breakthroughs such as cellular communication or satellite tracking devices. Maybe they've generated some new ethical questions. Is it feasible that they have? Examine each technology and try to determine what it is in it that causes you to have these moral concerns.arrow_forwardWith the increasing emphasis on mental well-being, how are software products being developed to support mental health tracking and interventions?arrow_forwardERP systems are often developed in accordance with best practices. But, more importantly, whose best practices are correct? A Western bias is prevalent; techniques that originated in North America or Europe are frequently adopted as the foundation for new ideas. It is possible, however, that when systems are transported to Asia, they will provide problems. What makes you believe this is the case? Is there anything else that might change in the way processes are used in different nations (apart from the obvious "language" difference)?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Database System ConceptsComputer ScienceISBN:9780078022159Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. SudarshanPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Starting Out with Python (4th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780134444321Author:Tony GaddisPublisher:PEARSON
Digital Fundamentals (11th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780132737968Author:Thomas L. FloydPublisher:PEARSON
C How to Program (8th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780133976892Author:Paul J. Deitel, Harvey DeitelPublisher:PEARSON
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781337627900Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven MorrisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Programmable Logic ControllersComputer ScienceISBN:9780073373843Author:Frank D. PetruzellaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Database System Concepts
Computer Science
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Starting Out with Python (4th Edition)
Computer Science
ISBN:9780134444321
Author:Tony Gaddis
Publisher:PEARSON
Digital Fundamentals (11th Edition)
Computer Science
ISBN:9780132737968
Author:Thomas L. Floyd
Publisher:PEARSON
C How to Program (8th Edition)
Computer Science
ISBN:9780133976892
Author:Paul J. Deitel, Harvey Deitel
Publisher:PEARSON
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781337627900
Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Programmable Logic Controllers
Computer Science
ISBN:9780073373843
Author:Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education