Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134089089
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 32TYU
According to Kepler’s third law, (a) Mercury travels fastest in the part of its orbit in which it is closest to the Sun; (b) Jupiter orbits the Sun at a faster speed than Saturn; (c) all the planets have nearly circular orbits.
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The planet Saturn has a mass of 5.68×10^26 kg and a radius of 58,200 km. Janus, a moon of Saturn, has a mass of 1.9×10^18 kg and it orbits Saturn a distance of 151,400 km from the center of Saturn.
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Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion.
Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Describe at least three characteristics of Greek...Ch. 2 - What do we mean by a model of nature? Summarize...Ch. 2 - What is apparent retrograde motion, and why was it...Ch. 2 - Who first proposed the idea that Earth is a planet...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5RQCh. 2 - What was the Copernican revolution, and how did it...Ch. 2 - Why didnt Copernicuss model gain immediate...Ch. 2 - State and explain each of Keplers laws of...Ch. 2 - Briefly describe three reasonable objections to...Ch. 2 - How did Newtons discoveries about the laws of...
Ch. 2 - How did the Copernican revolution affect scholarly...Ch. 2 - What is the difference between a hypothesis and a...Ch. 2 - Describe each of the three hallmarks of science...Ch. 2 - What is Occams razor? Give an example of how it...Ch. 2 - Why doesnt science accept personal testimony as...Ch. 2 - In what sense is gravity both a fact and a theory?...Ch. 2 - What is Newtons universal law of gravitation?...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - Lionel Messi is the best soccer player of his...Ch. 2 - Several kilometers below its surface, Europa has...Ch. 2 - My house is haunted by ghosts, who make the...Ch. 2 - There are no lakes or seas on Mars today.Ch. 2 - All life in the universe must use DNA as its...Ch. 2 - Children born when Jupiter is in the constellation...Ch. 2 - Prob. 25TYUCh. 2 - Newtons law of gravity explains the orbits of...Ch. 2 - God created the laws of motion that were...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28TYUCh. 2 - In Ptolemys geocentric model, the retrograde...Ch. 2 - Which of the following was not a major advantage...Ch. 2 - Earth is closer to the Sun in January than in...Ch. 2 - According to Keplers third law, (a) Mercury...Ch. 2 - Tycho Brahes contributions to astronomy included...Ch. 2 - Galileos contributions to astronomy included (a)...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not true about...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not true about a...Ch. 2 - How did the Copernican revolution alter...Ch. 2 - When Einsteins theory of gravity (general...Ch. 2 - Greek Models. As we discussed in this chapter, the...Ch. 2 - Copernican Players. Using a bulleted list format,...Ch. 2 - Atomists and Aristotelians. The ancient Greek...Ch. 2 - Influence on History. Based on what you have...Ch. 2 - Sedna Orbit. The object Sedna orbits our Sun at an...Ch. 2 - Eris Orbit. The dwarf planet Eris, which is...Ch. 2 - New Planet Orbit. A newly discovered planet orbits...Ch. 2 - Halleys Orbit. Halleys Comet orbits the Sun every...Ch. 2 - Newtons Universal Law of Gravitation. a. How does...Ch. 2 - Science and Religion. Science and religion are...Ch. 2 - The Impact of Science. The modern world is filled...Ch. 2 - Absolute Truth. An important issue in the...Ch. 2 - Pseudoscience. Choose a pseudoscientific claim...Ch. 2 - Prob. 60WP
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- According to Kepler’s second law, where in a planet’s orbit would it be moving fastest? Where would it be moving slowest?arrow_forwardWhat is Kepler's first law of planetary motion? The period of a planet's orbit is proportional to its distance from the sun. Planets have circular orbits. Planets have elliptical orbits. The eccentricity of a planet's orbit is proportional to its distance from the sun.arrow_forwardWhat is kepler's First Law?arrow_forward
- Relate Kepler’s third law of planetary motion to Newton’s law of gravitation and centripetal acceleration.arrow_forwardSaturn's mass is M= 5.69 x 1026 kg and its radius R=60,300 km. If a moon orbits Saturn at a distance equal to 5 times its planetary radius, what is its period of orbit? (Hint, use Newton's version of Kepler's 3rd law, and you can neglect the mass of the moon) Express your answer in days to three significant figures.arrow_forwardSuppose a planet sweeps out an area, call it A, in one day. In terms of A, Kepler's second law tells us it would sweep out how large an area in five days?arrow_forward
- Using newton's law of gravitation. The Kepler's third law of planetary motion.arrow_forwardShow mathematically how Kepler’s third law can be derived from Newton’s law of universal gravitation. Hint: use the centripetal force (force directed towards the center) which is equal to the gravitational force in orbital motion.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is supported by Kepler's laws of planetary motion? Earth orbits the Sun at a constant speed, never speeding up or slowing down. Earth's orbit is a perfect circle, with the Sun located at the center of the circle. Earth orbits the Sun at a slightly faster speed every year. Earth has an elliptical orbit, with the Sun located at one focus of the ellipse.arrow_forward
- Suppose the orbit of a planet is an ellipse of eccentricity e = c/a and period T (Figure ). Use Kepler's Second Law to show that the time required to travel from A' to B' is equal to (; + |T B A' Sun A a B' FIGUREarrow_forwardWhich phrase or phrases about Kepler's laws of planetary motion are true? - the moon is perfectly round (?) - planets orbit the sun in elipses (True) - planets do not move uniformly.... they speed up the closer they get to the sun. (?) - earthquakes never happen in Kansas. (False)arrow_forwardWhat is planetary motion through Kepler's law?arrow_forward
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