21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 21, Problem 15QP
To determine
The elements which are not created as a result of Big Bang.
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The first step in the proton-proton chain produces an antielectron, or positron. What happens to the positron?
A.
It slowly works its way to the Sun’s surface, where it escapes into space.
B.
It rapidly escapes from the Sun, traveling into space at nearly the speed of light.
C.
It is rapidly converted to energy when it meets an ordinary electron, resulting in matter-antimatter annihilation.
D.
It quickly meets an ordinary electron, forming an electron-positron pair that remains stable.
E.
It joins with a nearby neutron to form a proton.
1. If a proton is moving at very high speed, so that its kinetic energy is much greater
than its rest energy (mc²), can it then decay via p →n + n+?
2. What would an “antiatom," made up of the antiparticles to the constituents of normal
atoms, consist of? What might happen if antimatter, made of such antiatoms, came
in contact with our normal world of matter?
In 1998, it was announced that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. What does this imply from the perspective of the big bang?
a.
A force exists that we knew nothing about causes the expansion.
b.
The universe must be closed.
c.
The universe is finite.
d.
The amount of dark matter must be far less than the amount of normal matter.
e.
The universe must be infinitely old.
Chapter 21 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.1CYUCh. 21.2 - Prob. 21.2CYUCh. 21.3 - Prob. 21.3ACYUCh. 21.3 - Prob. 21.3BCYUCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.4CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 1QPCh. 21 - Prob. 2QPCh. 21 - Prob. 3QPCh. 21 - Prob. 4QPCh. 21 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 21 - Prob. 6QPCh. 21 - Prob. 7QPCh. 21 - Prob. 8QPCh. 21 - Prob. 9QPCh. 21 - Prob. 10QPCh. 21 - Prob. 11QPCh. 21 - Prob. 12QPCh. 21 - Prob. 13QPCh. 21 - Prob. 14QPCh. 21 - Prob. 15QPCh. 21 - Prob. 16QPCh. 21 - Prob. 17QPCh. 21 - Prob. 18QPCh. 21 - Prob. 19QPCh. 21 - Prob. 20QPCh. 21 - Prob. 21QPCh. 21 - Prob. 23QPCh. 21 - Prob. 24QPCh. 21 - Prob. 25QPCh. 21 - Prob. 26QPCh. 21 - Prob. 27QPCh. 21 - Prob. 28QPCh. 21 - Prob. 29QPCh. 21 - Prob. 30QPCh. 21 - Prob. 31QPCh. 21 - Prob. 32QPCh. 21 - Prob. 33QPCh. 21 - Prob. 34QPCh. 21 - Prob. 35QPCh. 21 - Prob. 36QPCh. 21 - Prob. 37QPCh. 21 - Prob. 38QPCh. 21 - Prob. 39QPCh. 21 - Prob. 40QPCh. 21 - Prob. 41QPCh. 21 - Prob. 42QPCh. 21 - Prob. 43QPCh. 21 - Prob. 44QPCh. 21 - Prob. 45QP
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- Why couldn’t atomic nuclei exist when the e of the Universe was less than 2 minutes?arrow_forward(a) Calculate the approximate age of the universe from the average value of the Hubble constant, H0=20km/s . Mly. To do this, calculate the time it would take to travel 0.307 Mpc at a constant expansion rate of 20 km/s. (b) If somehow acceleration occurs, would the actual age of the universe be greater or less than that found here? Explain.arrow_forwardThe Big Bang that began the universe is estimated to have released 1068 J of energy. How many stars could half this energy create, assuming the average star's mass is 4.001030 kg?arrow_forward
- (a) A panicle and its antiparticle are at rest relative to an observer and annihilate (completely destroying both masses), creating two y rays of equal energy. What is the characteristic y -ray energy you would look for if searching for evidence of proton-antiproton annihilation? (The fact that such radiation is rarely observed is evidence that there is very little antimatter in the universe.) (b) How does this compare with the 0.511-MeV energy associated with electron-positron annihilation?arrow_forward(a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in the known universe, given there are 1011 galaxies, each containing 1011 stars of average mass 1.5 times that of our Sun. (b) How many protons (the most abundant nuclide) are there in this mates? (c) Estimate the total number of particles in the observable universe by multiplying the answer to (b) by two, since there is an electron for each proton, and then by 109, since there are far more particles (such as photons and neutrinos) in space than in luminous matter.arrow_forwardState three experimental findings that support the Big Bang model of the universe.arrow_forward
- (a) A particle and its antiparticle are at rest relative to an observer and annihilate (completely destroying both masses), creating two (rays of equal energy. What is the characteristic (ray energy you would look for if searching for evidence of protonantiproton annihilation? (The fact that such radiation is rarely observed is evidence that here is very little antimatter in the universe.) (b) How does this compare with the 0.511MeV energy associated with electronpositron annihilation?arrow_forwardThe density of the universe is a. equal to the critical density if the universe is closed. b. equal to the critical density if the universe is flat. c. greater than the critical density if the universe is flat. d. greater than the critical density if the universe is open. e. none of the above.arrow_forwardWhich particles are not present in the universe at t=300s after the big bang ? select one : a. Electons b. photons c. neutrons d. Positronsarrow_forward
- 10. In most models for the early universe, which was the first force to have frozen out of the original Supersymmetric force? a. Weak Nuclear Force. b. Strong Nuclear Force. c. Gravity. d. Electromagnetism.arrow_forwardWhy does primordial nuclesythesis end about 3 minutes after the Big Bang ? select one : a. The number densities of photons is too large at this time and the photons induce fission , stopping nuclei formation b. The universe is tooo hot at t=3 minutes c. The number densities of neutrons and protons and other nuclei are too small at this time and fusion fades out . d. Deuterium has a lifetime of 3 minutes , so after this time no more deuterium survives as it decays away ?arrow_forwardI. NUCLEAR EQUATION: You are going to write the nuclear equations for the following fusion reactions responsible for the abundance of lighter nuclei in the universe. 1. Fusion of two Deuterium isotopes to form Helium3 2. Fusion of Deuterium and a neutron to form Tritium 3. Fusion of Deuterium and a proton to form Heliumarrow_forward
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