Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 12TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The distribution of derived (d) and ancestral characters (a) by constructing a phylogenetic tree based upon the following table.
| Character | ||||||
| Species | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| A | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| B | d | a | a | a | a | d |
| C | d | d | d | a | a | a |
| D | d | d | d | a | d | a |
| E | d | d | a | d | a | a |
Introduction:
In order to study evolutionary relationship between the groups of organisms, phylogenetic trees are used. The basis of a phylogenetic tree may be the behavior of an organism, type of body, kind of behavior, or the molecular features they possess.
The principle of parsimony suggests the simplest way in which the evidence fits. When an evolutionary tree is constructed, the evolutionary changes that are least must be considered.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Consider the cladogram shown.
1. Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synamorphies)?
2. Which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (plesiomorphies)?
Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the first picture.
In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate?
How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?
Given the following organisms in the Table in the second picture, number them in terms of which is relatively closest and distant. Number 1 refers to closest.
Based on this matrix, is my cladogram correctly done?
1.a)
What species on the cladogram are endothermic (fully endothermic species only=those that maintain their body temperature only with their metabolism = not sharks for instance)?
1.b)
Considering the location and relationship of endotherms on the cladogram, what type of character (homologous, homoplasy: convergence or reversal) do you think endothermy is?
try to use specific terminology: character, homologous characters, nom homologous characters, character states (or evolutionary stages of a character), ancestral (plesiomorphic), derived (apomorphic), homoplasy, convergence, reversal....
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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