Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of phenylalanine as it exists in
Concept introduction:
The peaks in NMR spectrum are due to hydrogen atoms. Different signals are produced from different neighboring substituents of hydrogen atoms. Information about the structure of a compound is obtained by chemical shifts. Peaks due to
(b)
Interpretation:
The peaks in the spectrum are to be assigned to the protons in the structure.
Concept introduction:
The peaks in NMR spectrum are due to hydrogen atoms. Different signals are produced from different neighboring substituents of hydrogen atoms. Information about the structure of a compound is obtained by chemical shifts. Peaks due to aromatic protons occur between
(c)
Interpretation:
The reason for the absence of
Concept introduction:
The peaks in NMR spectrum are due to hydrogen atoms. Different signals are produced from different neighboring substituents of hydrogen atoms. Information about the structure of a compound is obtained by chemical shifts. Peaks due to aromatic protons occur between
(d)
Interpretation:
The relationship between the two protons that generate nearly mirror-image multiplets at
Concept introduction:
The peaks in NMR spectrum are due to hydrogen atoms. Different signals are produced from different neighbouring substituents of hydrogen atoms. Information about the structure of a compound is obtained by chemical shifts. Peaks due to aromatic protons occur between
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Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- determine the amine and the coupling componentarrow_forwardMost of the ultraviolet absorption of proteins at 280 nm is due to their content of a. Glutamate b. Tryptophan c. Alanine d. Aspartatearrow_forwardthe pKa values for phenylalanine are 1.83 (carboxyl group) and 9.13 (amino group). Use the Henderson-hasselbach equation to determine the ratio of the acidic and basic forms of each of the ionizing groups of phenylalanine at neutral pH. Based on this, draw the predominant structure of phenylalanine at neutral pH.arrow_forward
- N-(2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic A purified protein is in a Hepes acid) buffer at pH 7 with 475 mM NaCl. A dialysis membrane tube holds a 2.5 ml. sample of the protein solution. The sample tube floats in a beaker containing 1.75 L of the same Hepes buffer, but with 0 mM NaCl, for dialysis. Small molecules and ions (such as Na*, CI, and Hepes) can to diffuse across the dialysis membrane, but the protein cannot. Assume there are no sample volume changes during the dialysis. Calculate the final concentration of NaCl in the protein sample once the dialysis has come to equilibrium. [NaCl] after a single dialysis: mM Calculate the final NaCl concentration in the 2.5 ml. protein sample after dialysis in 175 mL of the same Hepes buffer. with 0 mM NaCl, twice in succession. [NaCl] after a double dialysis: mMarrow_forward[References] All ethyl esters of long-chain aliphatic acids (for example, ethyl tetradecanoate, C13H27COOCH₂CH3) show significant fragment ions at m/z 88, 73, and 45. Draw the structure of the ion that gives the m/z 88 peak. star 14arrow_forwardAccording to the paper, F486 is a phenylalanine residue (i.e., an amino acid that is part of a chain that forms a protein) on SARS-CoV-2. It has an important interaction with ACE2 (best seen in Fig. 1(C) and Fig. 2(A)). Looking at this phenylalanine and the green residues surrounding it, which statement best describes the interaction that could be occurring? a) It forms a hydrogen bond with Y83. b) It forms a dipole-dipole interaction with M82. c) It forms London dispersion forces with surrounding residues. d) It encounters repulsions from surrounding residues.arrow_forward
- Most common amines (RNH2) exhibit pKa values between 35 and 45. R represents the rest of the compound (generally carbon and hydrogen atoms). However, when R is a cyano group, the pKa is found to be drastically lower: H H Incorrect. 人 R N H PK = 35-45 N N H PK = = 17 (a) Explain why the presence of the cyano group so drastically impacts the pKa. ○ When R is a cyano group, the acidic proton is on an sp-hybridized atom. ○ When R is a cyano group, the conjugate base is destabilized by resonance. ○ When R is a cyano group, the conjugate base is destabilized by inductive effects. ● When R is a cyano group, the conjugate base is stabilized by resonance.arrow_forwardDraw a structure for a peptide that gives Ala, Leu & Val on hydrolysis and fails to react with phenyl isothiocyanate. Mass spectrometry gives a molar mass of 283 for this peptide. Draw the predominant structure at pH 7 using the charge tools to adjust formal charges.arrow_forwardThe structure of the molecule below shows its structure where all of the ionizable/protonatable groups are labeled with their corresponding pKas and are drawn as being in their fully protonated form. С: рКa - 3.9 OH H А: pka ~ 9.0 H3N N. OH 'N. N. D: pKa - 3.5 NH H2NNH, B: pКa - 12.5 At physiological pH, which of the groups will be deprotonated? O A, B, C, and D O A and B O A and C O Cand D O B and D O A, C, and D What is the total charge of the structure at pH 2? What is the total charge of the structure at pH 10?arrow_forward
- True or false and why is false 8 Structures produced by X-ray diffraction are as good as the solutions from which they are derived 9 Hard keratins (such as in the skin) are less resistant to stretch because the larger number of disulfide bonds resist deformative forces. 10 The vast majority of structures deposited in the Protein Databank (>95%) have been determined using NMRarrow_forwardApplying the best-fit method you produce the following plot. Please select the correct statement. Group of answer choices: 1. The Bradford assay gives a hyperbolic plot for absorbance versus protein concentration. 2. The Bradford assay is measured at at absorbance of 600 nm 3. Within a range of relatively low protein concentrations, the hyperbolic curve can be approximated reasonably well by a straight line.arrow_forwardThe pKaa of the conjugate acid of guanidine is 13.6, making it one of the strongest neutral organic bases. Offer an explanation.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning