Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 32P
(a)
To determine
The force exerted on the sail.
(b)
To determine
The acceleration of the sail.
(c)
To determine
The time required to reach the moon.
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A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 5.20 ✕ 105 m2 and mass m = 6,800 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m2.
(d)
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(e)
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A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail. Suppose a sail of area A
6.30 x 10 m² and mass m - 7,000 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m²
(a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude)
(b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in um/s².)
m/s²
(c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 10 m away, starting from rest at the Earth
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(d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 400 km, show that a sall of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the
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A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 6.90 x 105 m2 and mass m = 5,000 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun.
Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m?.
(a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude.)
(b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in um/s2.)
|um/s?
(c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 10° m away, starting from rest at the Earth.
days
(d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 400 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s².)
m/s2
(e) What would the mass density (in kg/m2) of…
Chapter 24 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.1QQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 24.2QQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 24.3QQCh. 24.4 - Prob. 24.4QQCh. 24.6 - Prob. 24.5QQCh. 24.6 - Prob. 24.6QQCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.7QQCh. 24 - Prob. 1OQCh. 24 - Prob. 2OQCh. 24 - Prob. 3OQ
Ch. 24 - If plane polarized light is sent through two...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5OQCh. 24 - Prob. 6OQCh. 24 - Prob. 7OQCh. 24 - Prob. 9OQCh. 24 - Prob. 10OQCh. 24 - Prob. 11OQCh. 24 - Consider an electromagnetic wave traveling in the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 1CQCh. 24 - Prob. 2CQCh. 24 - Prob. 3CQCh. 24 - Prob. 4CQCh. 24 - Prob. 5CQCh. 24 - Prob. 6CQCh. 24 - Prob. 7CQCh. 24 - Prob. 8CQCh. 24 - Prob. 9CQCh. 24 - Prob. 10CQCh. 24 - Prob. 11CQCh. 24 - Prob. 12CQCh. 24 - Prob. 1PCh. 24 - Prob. 2PCh. 24 - Prob. 3PCh. 24 - A 1.05-H inductor is connected in series with a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5PCh. 24 - Prob. 6PCh. 24 - Prob. 7PCh. 24 - An electron moves through a uniform electric field...Ch. 24 - Prob. 9PCh. 24 - Prob. 10PCh. 24 - Prob. 11PCh. 24 - Prob. 12PCh. 24 - Figure P24.13 shows a plane electromagnetic...Ch. 24 - Prob. 14PCh. 24 - Review. A microwave oven is powered by a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 16PCh. 24 - A physicist drives through a stop light. When he...Ch. 24 - Prob. 18PCh. 24 - Prob. 19PCh. 24 - A light source recedes from an observer with a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 21PCh. 24 - Prob. 22PCh. 24 - Prob. 23PCh. 24 - Prob. 24PCh. 24 - Prob. 25PCh. 24 - Prob. 26PCh. 24 - Prob. 27PCh. 24 - Prob. 28PCh. 24 - Prob. 29PCh. 24 - Prob. 30PCh. 24 - Prob. 31PCh. 24 - Prob. 32PCh. 24 - Prob. 33PCh. 24 - Prob. 34PCh. 24 - Prob. 35PCh. 24 - Prob. 36PCh. 24 - Prob. 37PCh. 24 - Prob. 38PCh. 24 - Prob. 39PCh. 24 - Prob. 40PCh. 24 - Prob. 41PCh. 24 - Prob. 42PCh. 24 - Prob. 43PCh. 24 - Prob. 44PCh. 24 - Prob. 45PCh. 24 - Prob. 46PCh. 24 - Prob. 47PCh. 24 - Prob. 48PCh. 24 - You use a sequence of ideal polarizing filters,...Ch. 24 - Prob. 50PCh. 24 - Prob. 51PCh. 24 - Figure P24.52 shows portions of the energy-level...Ch. 24 - Prob. 53PCh. 24 - Prob. 54PCh. 24 - Prob. 55PCh. 24 - Prob. 56PCh. 24 - Prob. 57PCh. 24 - Prob. 58PCh. 24 - Prob. 59PCh. 24 - Prob. 60PCh. 24 - Prob. 61PCh. 24 - Prob. 62PCh. 24 - A dish antenna having a diameter of 20.0 m...Ch. 24 - Prob. 65PCh. 24 - Prob. 66PCh. 24 - Prob. 67PCh. 24 - Prob. 68PCh. 24 - Prob. 69PCh. 24 - Prob. 70PCh. 24 - Prob. 71PCh. 24 - A microwave source produces pulses of 20.0-GHz...Ch. 24 - A linearly polarized microwave of wavelength 1.50...Ch. 24 - Prob. 74PCh. 24 - Prob. 75P
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- The tungsten elements of incandescent light bulbs operate at 3200 K. At what frequency does the filament radiate maximum energy?arrow_forwardCASE STUDY In Example 34.6 (page 1111), we imagined equipping 1950DA, an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth, with a solar sail in hopes of ejecting it from the solar system. We found that the enormous size required for the solar sail makes the plan impossible at this time. Of course, there is no need to eject such an object from the solar system: we only need to change the orbit. A much more pressing problem is Apophis, a 300-m asteroid that may be on a collision course with the Earth and is due to come by on April 13, 2029. It is unlikely to hit the Earth on that pass, but it will return again in 2036. If Apophis passes through a 600-m keyhole on its 2029 pass, it is expected to hit the Earth in 2036. causing great damage. There are plans to deflect Apophis when it comes by in 2029. For example, we could hit it with a 10- to 150-kg impactor accelerated by a solar sail. The impactor is launched from the Earth to start orbiting the Sun in the same direction as the Earth and Apophis. The idea is to use a solar sail to accelerate the impactor so that it reverses direction and collides head-on with Apophis at 8090 km/s and thereby keeps Apophis out of the keyhole. Consider the momentum in the impactors orbit (Fig. P34.75) when the solar sail makes an angle of = 60 with the tangent to its orbit. Current solar sails may be about 40 m on a side, but the hope is to construct some that are about 160 m on a side. Estimate the impactors tangential acceleration when it is about 1 AU from the Sun. Keep in mind that the sail is neither a perfect absorber nor a perfect reflector, and a heavier impactor would presumably be equipped with a larger sail. Dont be surprised by what may seem like a very small acceleration. FIGURE P34.75arrow_forwardIf a Lightsail spacecraft were sent on a Mars mission, by si1at ratio of the final force to the initial force would its propulsion be reduced when It reached Mars?arrow_forward
- A star emits most of the energy it produces in the form of light waves. A spherical spacecraft of radius r = 50 m arrives to investigate the star. It is at a distance of 50 · 10^6 km from the stars center. The spaceship absorbs all the light that hits its surface. The power absorbed by the spacecraft from the star is 10^7 W (assume that the spaceship absorbs all the radiation that hits it). (a) Estimate the force that the EM radiation exerts on the spaceship. (b) What is the intensity (energy per area) of the star’s radiation at the location of the spacecraft? (c) What is the power output of the star? (d) Say that there is second spherical spacecraft a distance d = 10^8 km away, with a radius r = 10 m. If this spacecraft completely absorbs the radiation of the star, what is the power absorbed by the spaceship? [hint: The important area of the spaceship is its circular cross section]arrow_forwardA possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 5.20 x 105 m² and mass m = 6,200 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m². (a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude.) N (b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in µm/s².) μm/s² (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 108 m away, starting from rest at the Earth. days (d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 340 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s².) m/s² (e) What would the mass density (in kg/m²) of…arrow_forwardLet's try a few more examples that relate power and energy. A certain high-efficiency LED light bulb has a power output of 9.20 W. That is, 9.20 J of electric energy is converted to electromagnetic (light) energy and radiated away every second. How much energy is output by the lightbulb if it is left on for a total time of 7.50 hours? In this case, we're relating power to energy change, so we simply use the relationship E t P = Here, instead of work W, we use in the equation E, which is the amount of energy output or converted in the amount of time t. From this, what do we find the total energy output in joules to be? 33120 X x Solve the above equation for the energy E in terms of power P and time t. Remember that 1 W = 1 J/s, so to find the energy in joules, convert the time to seconds first. There are 60 minutes in one hour and 60 seconds in one minute. Jarrow_forward
- A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 6.40 ✕ 105 m2 and mass m = 4,900 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m2. A) If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 360 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s2.) B) What would the mass density (in kg/m2) of the solar sail have to be for the solar sail to attain the same initial acceleration of 1193 µm/s2.arrow_forwardSunlight reaches the ground with an intensity of about 1.0 kW/m2 . A sunbather has a body surface area of 0.8 m2 facing the sun while reclining on a beach chair on a clear day. (a) how much energy from direct sunlight reaches the sunbather’s skin per second? (b) What pressure does the sunlight exert if it is absorbed?arrow_forwardThe average intensity of sunlight on Earth’s surface is about 700 W/m2. (a) Calculate the amount of energy that falls on a solar collector having an area of 0.500 m2 in 4.00 h. (b) What intensity would such sunlight have if concentrated by a magnifying glass onto an area 200 times smaller than its own?arrow_forward
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