Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 8TYU
The text claims that the evolutionary history of protists can be understood as a series of morphological innovations that established seven distinct lineages, each of which subsequently diversified based on innovative ways of feeding, moving, and reproducing. Explain how the Alveolata support this claim.
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We discussed two theories of the evolution of multicellularity in the animals, the Colonial Theory and the Syncytial Theory. For each of the two theories, give a brief summary of the theory and describe the characteristics you would expect to find in the protist ancestor proposed by each theory.
DNA sequence data for a diplomonad, a euglenid, a plant, and an unidentified protist suggest that the unidentified species is most closely related to the diplomonad. Further studies reveal that the unknown species has fully functional mitochondria. Based on these data, at what point on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 did the mystery protist’s lineage probably diverge from other eukaryote lineages? Explain.
A)
A major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells
Group of answer choices
exhibit little if any compartmentalization of function
are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells
have a large degree of internal organization
lack organelles
have little if any internal organization
B)
Which of the following statements about protists is false?
Group of answer choices
Some protists are mixotrophic
Certain protists share a common ancestor with land plants
Some protists are photosynthetic prokaryotes which are similar to the
ancestral chloroplast
Protists are a polyphyletic group of organisms that often bear little resemblance to each other
Although most protists are unicellular, some protists are multicellular as well
Chapter 27 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 27 - Why are protists considered paraphyletic? a. They...Ch. 27 - 2. The most important primary producers in marine...Ch. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - 8. The text claims that the evolutionary history...Ch. 27 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 27 - Prob. 10TYPSSCh. 27 - Does a slime mold “know” where it’s going?
When...Ch. 27 - Prob. 12PIAT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Is protist dna in a nucleus unicellular or multicellular?According to the phylogeny presented in this chapter which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as plants a) green algae b) dinoflagellates c) red algaed both a and c in a lifecycle with alternation of generations multicellular haploid forms alternate with a unicellular haploid forms b unicellular diploid formsc multicellular haploid forms d) multicellular diploid formsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of the protists? (a) they are unicellular, colonial, coenocytic, or simple multicellular organisms (b) their cilia and flagella have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules (c) they are prokaryotic, as bacteria and archaea are (d) some are free-living, and some are endosymbionts (e) most are aquatic and live in the ocean or in freshwater pondsarrow_forwardProtists are the most varied group of organisms that we studied this term. They display unique adaptations in feeding, reproduction, and lifestyle (parasitism, free living, etc) among many others! Discuss protist evolution, including an overview of the major groups, and the breadth of variations that occur within this paraphyletic clade. How did protists lead to the evolution of the rest of life on Earth?arrow_forward
- Slime molds/moulds or mycetozoans is a broad term that applies to many fungus-like protists. a. In what sense is it appropriate to describe slime molds as “fungus animal”? b. Elaborate on the evolution of the slime molds into two distinct groups.arrow_forwardDescribe the morphology of oomycetes. Which protists are known for their cytoplasmic streaming movement? Which protists occasionally resemble tiny snails? What are the shells made of? Which group of protists have elaborate exteriors of glassy silica and are very common in the fossil record? What supergroup do land plants share a common ancestor with? What protists are common in tropical waters and are generally called “seaweeds?” Which of the algaes are the furthest living relatives to land plants? Which algaes are the closest living relatives to land plants? Which protists move using tube-like pseudopodia? Which protist group exhibits similarities to fungi as a result of convergent evolution? Which protist group takes on a slug form when nutrients are hard to come by? What protist group do animals share a common ancestor with? What are the choanoflagellates are believed to resemble? Which group contains at least one type of human parasite? Ecology of…arrow_forwardEukaryotic cells can be detected at latest mid-way through the Proterozoic, and multicellular eukaryotes not long after – but there is a curious lag before the radiation of multicellular eukaryotic groups. We discussed two possible reasons for this. Explain both. Why might an early arrival of lichens on land explain aspects of both of those possibilities?arrow_forward
- Protists are a group of eukaryotic organisms that are brought together by scientists mostly by convenience. I) What is the relationship between all protists that ties them together? ii) provide an example of a autotrophic and heterotrophic protists group, iii) what is the relationship between the multicellular eukaryotes and the protists?arrow_forwardProtists are(a) single-celled eukaryotes.(b) multicellular eukaryotes.(c) single-celled prokaryotes.(d) single-celled akaryote. Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.arrow_forwardWhich of the following explains why protists are considered a paraphyletic group? A Protists are prokaryotic. B Protists cannot be a monophyletic group because their morphology and behavior are so variable. C Protists lack a common ancestor. O D The MRCA of the protists also gave rise to plants, animals, and fungi. O E Choices B and D are both correct.arrow_forward
- Amoeba, Paramecuim, and Spirogyra are diverse. Why, then, are they all classified as protists?arrow_forward50) Some protists, formerly united as the ʺamitochondriateʺ clade, have recently been shown to be rather diverse. Some of them possess neither mitochondria nor mitochondrial genes (and have been classified as fungi). Others possess no mitochondria, but do have mitochondrial genes in their nuclear genome. Still others have modified mitochondria (viz. mitosomes or hydrogenosomes). Which statement(s) represent(s) consequences of these recent findings? 1. The amitochondriates do not comprise a true clade. 2. The ʺamitochondriate hypothesisʺ concerning the root of the eukaryotic tree has been strengthened. 3. Just as there is a diversity of cyanobacterial descendants among eukaryotes, so too is there a diversity of alpha-proteobacterial descendants among the eukaryotes. 4. If the amitochondriate organisms continued to be recognized as a taxon, this taxon would be polyphyletic. 5. Horizontal gene transfer involving mitochondrial genes has occurred in some amitochondriate organisms. A) 1 only…arrow_forwardExplain how the definition of protists ensures that the kingdom Protista includes a wide diversity of cellular structures. Provide an example of two different structures that perform the same function for their respective protist.arrow_forward
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