Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:The number of constitutional isomeric monohalogenated products that can form from butane should be determined.
Concept introduction: The carbon linked to one alkyl/carbon while other three are termed primary carbon. Thus, hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.
The carbon linked to two alkyl/carbons and two
The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and one
(b)
Interpretation:The number of constitutional isomeric monohalogenated products that can form from pentane should be determined.
Concept introduction:The carbon linked to one alkyl/carbon while other three
The carbon linked to two alkyl/carbons and two
The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and one
(c)
Interpretation:The number of constitutional isomeric monohalogenated products that can form from
Concept introduction:The carbon linked to one alkyl/carbon while other three
The carbon linked to two alkyl/carbons and two
The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and one
(d)
Interpretation:The number of constitutional isomeric monohalogenated products that can form from
Concept introduction: The carbon linked to one alkyl / carbon while other two
The carbon linked to two alkyl /carbons and one
The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no
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Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
- It is easy to imagine a cyclohexane as a flat hexagon and a lot of the time we draw it that way. Looking at 1,3,5-triethylcyclohexane we cannot tell the stability of the molecule from looking at the flat 2D drawing. Explain why we need to look at the 3D configuration and what conformation (axial,equatorial) would each of the three ethyl groups be in for the most stable configuration.arrow_forwardCompounds X and Y both have the formula C7H₁4. Both X and Y react with one molar equivalent of hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst to form 2-methylhexane. The heat of hydrogenation of X is greater than that of Y. Both X and Y react with HCI to give the same single C7H15Cl compound as the major product. What is the structure of X? • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. 23 ▾ Sn [F ChemDoodleⓇ 146arrow_forwardMethionine is an amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The structural diagram for methionine is: H H H H H H H °N H H Using VSEPR theory, consider the stereochemical diagram that would form. Identify t geometric shape at the six identified locations on the above molecule of methionine. Hint: Treat each location as a separate central atom. Remember to add in lone pairs Review this example from your course. (Unit A Section 3 Lesson 8.2 - Digging Deeper) Geometric shape around atom 1 is tetrahedral Geometric shape around atom 2 is tetrahedral Geometric shape around atom 3 is tetrahedral Geometric shape around atom 4 is trigonal planar Geometric shape around atom 5 is tetrahedral Geometric shape around atom 6 is trigonal pyramidal +arrow_forward
- What is the systematic name for the molecule depicted by the following bond line structure? Decide what the longest C-C chain is (parent) and then decide which substituents are there and how to number it to give the lowest locants. Make sure each substituent gets a locant. Separate letters from numbers by a dash, and numbers from each other by a comma. Do not put any spaces in your name.arrow_forwardc) For each of the compounds i) to iii) below, identify and draw as many structural isomers as you can, explaining the type of structural isomerism in each case. For each structural isomer you draw, explain whether it exhibits stereoisomerism, stating the type of stereoisomerism where applicable and drawing diagrams of the stereoisomeric pairs. i) Br₂C=CH₂ CH3CH2CH2CHO iii) CH3(CH2) 3CH2Clarrow_forwardHow would you best describe the C-C bonds lengths in benzene relative to cyclohexane? Hypothesize why these results are observed.arrow_forward
- For which compound containing a heteroatom (an atom other than carbon or hydrogen) does the molecular ion have an even-numbered mass? For which does it have an odd-numbered mass? Q.) A bromoalkane with the molecular formula CnH2n11Brarrow_forwardS N CH3 H3C N S 3) Consider now only the central chain (the atoms from one nitrogen atom to the other, inclusive). How many electrons does each carbon contribute to the conjugated chain Пsystem? How many electrons does each nitrogen atom contribute to the conjugated chain π-system? What is N(number of electrons in a box) for this molecule?arrow_forwardThe skeletal line formula for a branched alkene is shown below. (i) What is the molecular formula of this compound? (ii) How many carbon atoms are in the longest chain, ignoring the double bond? (iii) What is the longest chain incorporating both carbons of the double bond? (iv) How many substituents are on this chain? (v) Give the IUPAC name for this compound. [6]arrow_forward
- Create Newman projections depicting conformations along the carbon-carbon bond described above in the lowest energy staggered conformation, gauche conformation, and highest energy eclipsed conformation. Appropriately label these conformations Please draw each out separately and do not just draw arrows on the molecule. OH HO HO. ОН ОНarrow_forwardC. Nomenclature of Cylic Alkanes: If a ring is present in a molecule, the ring is almost always considered the parent chain. Use the word cyclo as a prefix before the alkane name to indicate it is a cyclic parent chain Number the carbons that bear substituents starting with one, and number around the ring towards the closest carbon that bears another substituent group to give all substituents lowest possible numbering. If there are two or more substituents, use alphabetical order to determine where to start numbering. Critical Thinking Question (CTQ): 11. Give the correct IUPAC name for the remaining three compounds below. H,C CH-CH, l-isopropyl-3-methylcycloherane 12. Draw the structures that correspond to the following names: a. 3-ethylheptane b. 1,1-diethylcyclopropane c. 4-sec-butyl-1-isobutyl-2-methylcylcohexane 13. Mono-substituted cycloalkanes do not include the "1" locant. Thus, 1-methylcyclohexane is inaccurate. Draw methylcyclohexane; explain why adding a locant does not add…arrow_forwardBelow is the structure for beta-carotene, a pigment found in plants and vegetables that give them their color. Determine how many alkenes are properly trans in the structure.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning