Biology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188121
Author: Peter Stiling, Robert Brooker, Linda Graham, Eric Widmaier
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 3CQ
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way in which structure determines the function of organic molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Introduction: The orientation of molecules and the way in which they are arranged in space determine the role they play. Through natural selection, the structures of molecules have evolved in a way that best facilitates their function.
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Amino acids are monomers from which proteins are constructed. Understanding the structure and
characteris-tics of amino acids and the peptide bond that covalently links them to form peptides will
aid in understanding larger, more complex protein structures. Proteins carry out a multitude of different
and important functions. The great variety in function is accomplished through a complex and variable
polymeric structure. Comprehending protein structure will give you a better understanding of how proteins
carry out their roles.
Why
Outcomes
1. Use the acid/base characteristics (pK, data) of the 20 amino acids found in proteins to determine the
charge of an amino acid at a given pH.
2. Determine the pI of a small peptide.
3. Identify the peptide bond and describe the structural features that characterize a peptide bond.
4. Use information processing skills to draw conclusions about chemical characteristics of complex
molecules.
Plan
1. Form teams as instructed.
2. The person whose…
Protein structures have several different levels of organization. In the space below indicate the type of molecular bonds that can contribute to each level of organization:
primary-
secondary-
tertiary-
quarternary-
A mutation leads to a change in amino acid from valine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, to aspartic acid, an amino acid with a polar, negatively-charged side chain. Do you think that the following levels of protein structure change? If so, how and why? If not, why not? Please frame your answer in terms of chemical bonds and interactions. (primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quartenary structure)
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 3.4 - What type of reaction is the reverse of the one...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 3.6 - How many water molecules would be produced during...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2EQCh. 3.6 - CoreSKILL Explain the result that was crucial to...
Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 3 - Molecules that are found in living cells and...Ch. 3 - The versatility of carbon that allows it to serve...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3TYCh. 3 - Prob. 4TYCh. 3 - Prob. 5TYCh. 3 - In contrast to other fatty acids, essential fatty...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7TYCh. 3 - The monomers of proteins are ___________, and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9TYCh. 3 - Prob. 10TYCh. 3 - Explain the similarities and differences between...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2CQCh. 3 - Prob. 3CQCh. 3 - Discuss the differences between the various types...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2COQ
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- You put albumin, the protein responsible for lipid transport through the blood, in methane, a hydrophobic solution. Would you expect albumin to still be functional? Yes the protein would still be functional because its primary structure remains intact Yes the protein would still be functional because it is used to carry lipids No the protein would not be functional because the peptide bonds would be dehydrated No the protein would not be functional because covalent bonds weaken and disrupt secondary structure No the protein would not be functional because the tertiary structure would change to maximize hydrophobic interactionsarrow_forwardDNA and RNA are examples of which FAMILY of BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES? What are the five specific differences between them?arrow_forwardBiomolecules: What are the building blocks of life? From the smallest single-celled organism to the tallest tree, all life depends on the properties and reactions of four classes of organic (carbon-based) compounds-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins are the 3 building blocks of all living things that we will focus on in this unit. These are called macromolecules (or biomolecules) because they are large molecules. They are responsible for most of the body's structure and functions, including energy storage, insulation, growth, repair, and communication. Simple organic molecules can be joined together to form all the essential biological molecules needed for life. Table 1 shows a sample elephant diet and Table 2 shows a sample lion diet. Using the background information, predict the main function of the macromolecules in their diet. Table 1 Elephant proteins (5) fats (%) alfalfa hay 19.0 grass hay timothy hay Proteins Carbohydrates…arrow_forward
- Protein Structure and Folding:a. Explain how changes in a protein’s amino acid sequence can change the way it behaves in water.b. Explain how changes in a protein’s amino acid sequence can change the way it interacts with othermolecules.c. Explain how changes in a protein’s amino acid sequence can change the way it forms secondary andtertiary structures when placed in water.arrow_forwardProteins are the dominant structural and functional molecules in a cell. Which one of the following statements about proteins is NOT correct? A. The native conformation of a protein is usually arrived at very quickly after synthesis. B. Hydrogen bonding is the only type of bonding that gives rise to secondary structure. C. Urea denatures proteins by disrupting the interactions among non-polar (hydrophobic) amino acids D. Most proteins consist of a single polypeptide and thus do not have quaternary structure.arrow_forwardA completed concept map for this unit includes but is not limited to the following ideas: concept of biochemistry with the following major categories: Water, Carbohydrate, Proteins, Lipids→ include cell membranes, Nucleic Acids include terminology such as: dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, denaturation, monomer/polymers, chitin, glycerol, fatty acids, trans/cis fats etc. Create a concept map which the main topic is macromolecules and it branches out to the following topics Water, Carbohydrate, Proteins, Lipids- include cell membranes, Nucleic acids Could you add these terms into the map functional group polarity intermolecular forces of attraction hydrogen bon essential nutrient carbohydrate monosaccharide isomer glycosidic linkage monomer polymer disaccharide oligosaccharide polysaccharide intermolecular force of attraction hydrogen bond macronutrient essential amino acid amino acid side group/R-group peptide bond polypeptide receptor neurotransmitter hormone secondary…arrow_forward
- Why is it important to study or familiarize the levels of protein structure?arrow_forwardMacromolecules are very large molecules created by the polymerization of small units called monomers. Most of the macromolecules are present in everyday life, for instance in food. In the Introduction to Food Macromolecules simulation, you will help your friend determine a healthy diet and investigate the types of macromolecules found in food. By performing a series of biochemistry tests, you will know the content of various food items. * * What are the different forms (i.e., monomers, polymers) of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? * What macromolecules do each of the biochemical tests check for? * What would an abundance or deficiency of one of the macromolecules cause to the human body?arrow_forwardIn studying a particular biomolecule (protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, lipid), a biochemist needs to separate/ purify it from other biomolecules in the sample. However, looking at the monomeric subunits of a biomolecule, one should have an idea about the characteristics of the molecule that would allow to separate/purify it from other molecules. On what basis can you separate: a. amino acids from fatty acids? b. nucleotides from glucose?arrow_forward
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Biomolecules - Protein - Amino acids; Author: Tutorials Point (India) Ltd.;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySNVPDHJ0ek;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY