Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 31, Problem 1ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The treatment leech therapy or an anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac that had the greater effect in reducing the pain of arthritis patients. The leech therapy has a prolonged effect or not, need to be discussed here.
Introduction:
Osteoarthritis is also called degenerative joint disease, which has the most common prolonged effect on the joints. The breakdown of cartilage between joints leads to an unbearable pain, stiffness, and swelling. The treatment of this disease is leeches therapy and an anti-inflammatory drug called diclofenac.
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In addition to the many pharmaceutical products available to treat various diseases, there are also many “natural remedies” that may treat the same diseases, though they do not have FDA approval. For example, Dramamine was developed to treat nausea, but many tout ginger as an effective remedy for nausea. Despite the potential of these natural remedies, pharmaceutical companies do not invest in the development of these natural remedies to obtain FDA approval. Explain why this is the case, and what might be a potential solution to this underinvestment.
(c) Molnupiravir has not been approved but has been authorized for emergency use by the FDA under an EUA to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Briefly explain this decision made by FDA based on the knowledge of clinical trials.
(d) Both drugs are not allowed to be prescribed to person under 18 years old due to insufficient clinical data. Why is it necessary to separately conduct clinical trials for a
younger age group?
Chapter 31 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 31.1 -
1. What characteristics distinguish animals from...Ch. 31.1 - How does the ability of animals to move through...Ch. 31.2 - What is a tissue, and what three primary tissue...Ch. 31.2 - What type of body symmetry do humans have?Ch. 31.2 - What is the functional significance of the coelom?Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 31.3 - Which major groupings of animals defined on the...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 31.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 31.4 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 31.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 31.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 31.5 - What do ctenophores eat, and how do they collect...Ch. 31.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 31.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 31.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 31.6 - Prob. 4SBCh. 31.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 31.7 - If an arthropods rigid exoskeleton cannot be...Ch. 31.7 - Prob. 3SBCh. 31.7 - Prob. 4SBCh. 31 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 31 - Protostomes and deuterostomes typically differ in:...Ch. 31 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 31 - Which organ system is absent in flatworms (phylum...Ch. 31 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 31 - Which body region of an insect bears the walking...Ch. 31 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 31 - What is the major morphological innovation seen in...Ch. 31 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 31 - Discuss Concepts What are the relative advantages...Ch. 31 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 31 - Prob. 1ITD
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