Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 36.2, Problem 2TYK
Which is false?
- Platelets are nucleated cells that participate in clot formation.
- In mammals, erythrocytes are non-nucleated cells that contain hemoglobin.
Erythrocytes contain a reservoir of oxygen carried in the blood.
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are huge cells found in red bone marrow that extend long tendrils into blood sinusoids. The flow of blood breaks off small portions of
those tendrils creating the formed element known as platelets
Platelets are involved in the process of hemostasis. If a blood vessel is severed in an injury, a reflex in the smooth muscle of the vessel wall constricts the broken
vessel. This first phase of hemostasis is called vascular spasm
This results in reduced blood flow and promotes the success of the remaining two
phases of hemostasis.
The second phase of hemostasis is platelet plug formation
where platelets stick to the collagen revealed in the damaged area of the vessel wall. This
attracts other platelets in a positive feedback mechanism. During this process, platelets degranulate, and release the vasoconstrictor serotonin
and…
In short!
Describe the structure and function of the 5 classes of leukocytes.?
Blood clotting is a homeostatic response. When clotting is poor, even a slight injury to a blood vessel may lead to severe blood loss. When clotting is excessive, small blood vessels in critical places in the body can become clogged leading to clots. Excessive bleeding or excessive clotting both can be dangerous.
– Describe the main stages in the formation of a blood clot and evaluate the importance of specific factors example platelets, vitamin K, air and blood proteins
Injured tissue – exposure of endothelial cells
Narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels
Activity of platelets
Activity of clotting factors
Chapter 36 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.2 - Which is false? Platelets are nucleated cells that...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.7 - Which of the following statements is false? The...Ch. 36.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.8 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.9 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.9 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.9 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.10 - Prob. 1BCCh. 36.10 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 36.11 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 36 - Prob. 1TYCh. 36 - Prob. 2TYCh. 36 - Prob. 3TYCh. 36 - Prob. 4TYCh. 36 - Considering blood flow through a closed...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6TYCh. 36 - Prob. 7TYCh. 36 - Prob. 8TYCh. 36 - Prob. 9TYCh. 36 - Prob. 10TYCh. 36 - Discuss the difference between closed and open...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 36 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 36 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 36 - List the components of the mammalian respiratory...
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- Which of the following are true of platelets? (Please note that you may pick more than one) Platelets derive from bone marrow cells Platelets are the primary cell for hemostasis Platelets are ellipsoidal in shape Platelets have a lifespan of 21 daysarrow_forwardWhich one of the following puts extravasation (diapedesis) stages in order from beginning to end? The leukocytes squeeze between the cells of the capillary wall as they follow the chemical signals to where they are most concentrated. Within the damaged tissue, neutrophils release chemicals that destroy pathogens. Monocytes mature into macrophages and both neutrophils and macrophages phagocytize pathogens and cell debris. Leukocytes in the blood respond to chemical attractants released by pathogens and nearby injured cells.arrow_forwardPlease choose one. The platelets “know” where to bind because: they are attracted to collagen and damage exposes the collagen in the vessel walls thus activating the platelets hormones are triggered by the exposure of collagen in a non-hormonal control to signal platelet activity the collagen exposure chemically activates white blood cells who emit chemical signals of their own to activate platelets as an immune response to the damaged blood vessels vasoconstriction after blood vessel rupturing triggers the platelets to congregate at the point of damagearrow_forward
- Hyperglycemia associated with diabetes promotes a prothrombotic state by affecting a number of different steps in the clotting pathway. Which of the following would result in more rather than less clotting? Check all that apply. The correct answers reflect the effect of hyperglycemia on the clotting pathway! less conversion of plasminogen to plasmin 7 000000000 abnormally low number of platelets platelets more sensitive to thromboxane A2 elevated conversion of plasminogen to plasmin platelets less sensitive to thromboxane A2 low sensitivity to NO and PGI2 increased prothrombin in the blood increased amount of fibrinogen in the blood less prothrombin in the blood abnormally high number of platelets less fibrinogen in the blood high sensitivity to NO and PGI2arrow_forwardWhich are true or false? Basophils release histamine and are phagocytic Metastasized cancer cells cannot enter the lymph system because of the continuous basement membrane surrounding lymphatic capillaries. Eosinophils are derived from the myeloid stem cell line When compared with erythrocytes, leukocytes are smaller and have a nucleus.arrow_forwardWhich of the following cells are matched CORRECTLY with their precursor cell? megakaryocyte, erythrocyte lymphoid stem cell, neutrophil myeloid stem cell, monocyte reticulocyte, thrombocytearrow_forward
- An infection in the skin, such as a pimple, often produces pus. The major component of pus is: Toxic oxygen molecules released by macrophages Toxic nitrogen molecules released by macrophages NETs released by neutrophils Dead epithelial cells killed by lysozyme Dead and dying neutrophilsarrow_forwardDuring inflammation, this mechanism results in capillaries becoming more permeable enabling plasma and defense cells to leave the bloodstream and enter the tissue at the infection site. Contraction of smooth muscles around larger blood vessels. Contraction of endothelial cells that make up the walls of the smaller blood vessels. Activation of the coagulation pathway. Integrins on white blood cells binding to adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are mechanisms which prevent clotting under normal circumstances? Select all that apply. platelets are not released into the bloodstream until needed heparin and anti-thrombin circulate in the bloodstream vessels are coated with prostacyclin which repels platelets clotting enzymes are not released into the bloodstream until needed rapid blood flowarrow_forward
- platelets globulins fibrinogen erythrocytes leukocytes connective plasma fibrinogen coagulation albumin men women formed elements Blood is a tissue that consists of formed elements and an extracellular matrix called The formed elements include red and white blood cells, and cell fragments called Plasma: The fibers of the extracellular matrix are actually fiber precursor molecules called Plasma consists of water, protein, nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, hormones, and gases. Plasma contains a multitude of proteins. However, three proteins predominate. contributes towards blood viscosity and helps transport lipophilic substances in the blood. , otherwise known as antibodies, help combat specific pathogens. Finally, upon activation, fibrinogen forms fibers during the process of are cells and cell fragments found in the blood. serve to transport gases in the blood. are blood cells of the immune system that combat pathogens. are cell fragments that assist in the process of blood clot…arrow_forwardLymphatic capillaries: originate as pockets (blind ends) in tissues both are made of loosely joined endothelial cells forming easily opened mini-valves and originate as pockets (blind ends) in tissues are made of loosely joined endothelial cells forming easily opened mini-valves, originate as pockets (blind ends) in tissues, and collapse easily collapse easily are made of loosely joined endothelial cells forming easily opened mini-valvesarrow_forwardList the similarities and differences between the following terms: B lymphocyte and T lymphocytearrow_forward
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